An aircraft cabin communication system includes a wireless access point (WAP) and a connectivity server. The WAP transmits a beacon indicating Hotspot capability and identifying an open SSID, establishes a connection with a first passenger electronic device (PED) carried onboard an aircraft responsive to communications received from the first PED using the open SSID, and provides a list of mobile network operators (MNOs) to the first PED. The connectivity server receive a request to setup a PDU session through the Internet for the first PED. The request identifies a mobile network operator (MNO) associated with the first PED. The connectivity server initiates authentication using extensible authentication protocol (EAP) communications with the first PED and an authorization, authentication, and accounting (AAA) server associated with a partner MNO connected with the MNO identified by the first PED. Responsive to the AAA server granting access to the first PED, the connectivity server triggers the WAP to redirect communications with the first WAP to a hidden SSID, sets up the PDU session for the first PED using the hidden SSID, and performs network resource usage measurements for traffic in the PDU session for the first PED.

Correlating devices and clients across addresses may be provided. A first address associated with a client device may be received. When the client device is not connected to a network, first location data associated with the first address may be obtained using a passive technique. A second address and second location data associated with the second address may then be obtained using an active technique. It may then be determined that the first location data and the second location data correlate. In response to determining that the first location data and the second location data correlate, it may be determined that the client device has changed from the first address to the second address.

Correlating devices and clients across addresses may be provided. A first address associated with a client device may be received. When the client device is not connected to a network, first location data associated with the first address may be obtained using a passive technique. A second address and second location data associated with the second address may then be obtained using an active technique. It may then be determined that the first location data and the second location data correlate. In response to determining that the first location data and the second location data correlate, it may be determined that the client device has changed from the first address to the second address.

Generally, this disclosure provides devices, systems and methods for provisioning of wireless local area network (WLAN) traffic load measurements to third generation partnership project 3GPP wireless cellular networks. A WLAN element manager (EM) may include a polling module to poll a WLAN access point (AP), the polling to request traffic load data from the WLAN AP; a timer module to trigger the polling module to poll at periodic intervals; a logging module to receive and log the requested traffic load data; and an integration reference point (IRP) agent including a reporting module to generate a traffic load report for transmission to a network manager (NM), the traffic load report based on the logged traffic load data.

Generally, this disclosure provides devices, systems and methods for provisioning of wireless local area network (WLAN) traffic load measurements to third generation partnership project 3GPP wireless cellular networks. A WLAN element manager (EM) may include a polling module to poll a WLAN access point (AP), the polling to request traffic load data from the WLAN AP; a timer module to trigger the polling module to poll at periodic intervals; a logging module to receive and log the requested traffic load data; and an integration reference point (IRP) agent including a reporting module to generate a traffic load report for transmission to a network manager (NM), the traffic load report based on the logged traffic load data.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a roaming network access method and apparatus, where the method includes: searching, by user equipment, for at least one available network in a roaming area; acquiring, by the user equipment, historical roaming information, where the historical roaming information is used to record information about a network to which a registration attempt has been made when a user roams; adjusting, by the user equipment, a priority of the at least one found available network according to the historical roaming information; and successively selecting, by the user equipment in descending order of an adjusted priority of the at least one found available network, the at least one found available network as a registration attempt network, and attempting to register with the registration attempt network.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a roaming network access method and apparatus, where the method includes: searching, by user equipment, for at least one available network in a roaming area; acquiring, by the user equipment, historical roaming information, where the historical roaming information is used to record information about a network to which a registration attempt has been made when a user roams; adjusting, by the user equipment, a priority of the at least one found available network according to the historical roaming information; and successively selecting, by the user equipment in descending order of an adjusted priority of the at least one found available network, the at least one found available network as a registration attempt network, and attempting to register with the registration attempt network.

A method for enhanced load balancing in a mobile communication network includes indicating, by a home subscriber server, allocation type information and allocation mode information to a mobility management entity. A user equipment is connected or requests to be connected to the mobile communication network using an access point name identifier and a packet data network. The mobility management entity and the home subscriber server are involved in providing communication services of the mobile communication network to the user equipment and/or connecting the user equipment to the mobile communication network. A packet data network gateway is to be selected for providing the communications services of the mobile communication network.

A method for enhanced load balancing in a mobile communication network includes indicating, by a home subscriber server, allocation type information and allocation mode information to a mobility management entity. A user equipment is connected or requests to be connected to the mobile communication network using an access point name identifier and a packet data network. The mobility management entity and the home subscriber server are involved in providing communication services of the mobile communication network to the user equipment and/or connecting the user equipment to the mobile communication network. A packet data network gateway is to be selected for providing the communications services of the mobile communication network.

This application discloses an abnormal offline state determining method and a related apparatus. The method includes: An access and mobility management function network element (AMF) obtains location information when an uncrewed aerial vehicle enters or leaves an offline state. If a location indicated by the location information is outside a target offline area, the AMF marks a state of the uncrewed aerial vehicle as an abnormal offline state. The AMF sends a state identifier of the abnormal offline state to an unmanned aircraft system traffic management network element (UTM). Therefore, the location information when the uncrewed aerial vehicle enters or leaves the offline state is used to determine whether the uncrewed aerial vehicle is in the abnormal offline state, so that accuracy of determining the abnormal offline state of the uncrewed aerial vehicle can be improved to some extent