A session establishment method includes receiving, by a first core network device, a first request from an access network device, sending, by the first core network device, a second request to the second core network device based on the first request, receiving, by the first core network device, a second response from the second core network device, sending, by the first core network device, a first response to the access network device, and establishing, by the first core network device, the session based on the first response. The first request is useable to request to establish a session of a terminal device, and the first request includes information about a second core network device corresponding to the terminal device. The second response is useable to respond to the second request. The first response is useable to respond to the first request.

This application discloses a network device accessing method and an apparatus, and relates to the wireless communication field, to control a number of reduced capability (reduced capability, REDCAP) terminals accessing a network device, and improve network transmission performance. The method includes: A terminal apparatus receives, from a network device, first information indicating whether a REDCAP terminal is allowed to access the network device, and determines, based on the first information, whether to access the network device. The REDCAP terminal includes a first-type REDCAP terminal and a second-type REDCAP terminal, the first-type REDCAP terminal and the second-type REDCAP terminal operate in a same frequency range, and a bandwidth of the second-type REDCAP terminal is less than that of the first-type REDCAP terminal and/or a number of receive antennas of the second-type REDCAP terminal is less than that of the first-type REDCAP terminal.

This application discloses a network device accessing method and an apparatus, and relates to the wireless communication field, to control a number of reduced capability (reduced capability, REDCAP) terminals accessing a network device, and improve network transmission performance. The method includes: A terminal apparatus receives, from a network device, first information indicating whether a REDCAP terminal is allowed to access the network device, and determines, based on the first information, whether to access the network device. The REDCAP terminal includes a first-type REDCAP terminal and a second-type REDCAP terminal, the first-type REDCAP terminal and the second-type REDCAP terminal operate in a same frequency range, and a bandwidth of the second-type REDCAP terminal is less than that of the first-type REDCAP terminal and/or a number of receive antennas of the second-type REDCAP terminal is less than that of the first-type REDCAP terminal.

A method and system for transpositional modulation fortified communication includes an original carrier of an RF channel operating within a spectral mask. The original carrier has a carrier signal with a first quantity of data. At least one transpositional modulation (TM) channel has a TM signal second quantity of data. The at least one TM channel is added to the original carrier thereby generating a TM fortified carrier signal having the first and second quantities of data. The at least one TM channel and the original carrier do not exceed the spectral mask. At least one device with a receiver receives the TM fortified carrier signal.

A method and system for transpositional modulation fortified communication includes an original carrier of an RF channel operating within a spectral mask. The original carrier has a carrier signal with a first quantity of data. At least one transpositional modulation (TM) channel has a TM signal second quantity of data. The at least one TM channel is added to the original carrier thereby generating a TM fortified carrier signal having the first and second quantities of data. The at least one TM channel and the original carrier do not exceed the spectral mask. At least one device with a receiver receives the TM fortified carrier signal.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for integrity protection for a packet data unit. One method includes determining a first portion of a packet data unit, wherein the packet data unit includes the first portion and a second portion. The method includes applying an integrity protection function to the first portion of the packet data unit to result in an integrity protection indicator without applying the integrity protection function to the second portion of the packet data unit. The method includes transmitting the packet data unit with the integrity protection indicator.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for integrity protection for a packet data unit. One method includes determining a first portion of a packet data unit, wherein the packet data unit includes the first portion and a second portion. The method includes applying an integrity protection function to the first portion of the packet data unit to result in an integrity protection indicator without applying the integrity protection function to the second portion of the packet data unit. The method includes transmitting the packet data unit with the integrity protection indicator.

Provided are a path, a path information processing method and device, a storage medium, and an electronic device. The path processing method may be performed by an I-SMF and include: receiving a first message sent by an anchor-session management function (A-SMF), wherein the first message comprises context information associated with a User Equipment (UE); determining, according to the context information, a mode corresponding to a data path established by the I-SMF, wherein the mode is indicative of whether the data path supports a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session with multi-homing function; and determining a node type of a node according to the mode, wherein the node type comprises an uplink classifier (UL-CL) or a branching point (BP).

Provided are a path, a path information processing method and device, a storage medium, and an electronic device. The path processing method may be performed by an I-SMF and include: receiving a first message sent by an anchor-session management function (A-SMF), wherein the first message comprises context information associated with a User Equipment (UE); determining, according to the context information, a mode corresponding to a data path established by the I-SMF, wherein the mode is indicative of whether the data path supports a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session with multi-homing function; and determining a node type of a node according to the mode, wherein the node type comprises an uplink classifier (UL-CL) or a branching point (BP).

A method and apparatus are provided for connecting a user equipment to electronic devices. The method includes receiving, for a connection to an electronic device, a first broadcast message transmitted by the electronic device according to a first communication mode, wherein the first broadcast message includes information indicating whether the electronic device supports a connection to the electronic device according to at least one of the first communication mode or a second communication mode that is different from the first communication mode; determining whether the electronic device supports the connection to the electronic device according to at least one of the first communication mode or the second communication mode based on the information; and establishing the connection to the electronic device according to the first communication mode or the second communication mode based on a result of the determining.