A method performed by a network node for restoring a Short Message Service (SMS) service in a connection between User Equipment (UE) and a communications network is provided. The UE is attached to the communications network with Evolved Packet System (EPS) attach and SMS only, via a radio network node, a Visitor Location Register (VLR) Mobile Switching Centre (MSC), and the network node. When receiving information that indicates a restart of the VLR MSC in the connection, network node sends (202) to the radio network node, an indication to trigger the UE to send a Tracking Area Update (TAU) request with SMS only. The network node receives (203) the TAU request with SMS only, triggered by the UE according to the indication sent to the radio network node. The network node then restores (204) the SMS service based on information in the TAU request with SMS only, received from the UE.

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for broadcast service restoration for multicast/broadcast service upon radio access node failure or restart are provided. For example, a method may include storing a last multicast/broadcast service session information received from a multicast/broadcast session management function corresponding to a multicast/broadcast service session. The method may also include detecting that a radio access node associated with the multicast/broadcast service session has restarted or is unreachable. The method may further include taking a further action to adjust the delivery of the multicast/broadcast service session based on the detection.

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for broadcast service restoration for multicast/broadcast service upon radio access node failure or restart are provided. For example, a method may include storing a last multicast/broadcast service session information received from a multicast/broadcast session management function corresponding to a multicast/broadcast service session. The method may also include detecting that a radio access node associated with the multicast/broadcast service session has restarted or is unreachable. The method may further include taking a further action to adjust the delivery of the multicast/broadcast service session based on the detection.

Provided is a data transmission/reception method performed in a data transmission/reception system including a sensing terminal and a user terminal connected through Bluetooth low energy (BLE) communication. The data transmission/reception method includes operations of allowing the sensing terminal to acquire sensing data, allowing the sensing terminal to sequentially assign a number on the basis of the time at which the sensing data is acquired and store the number in a packet of the sensing data, and allowing the sensing terminal to transmit the sensing data in which the number is stored to the user terminal in a broadcast mode of the BLE communication.

Provided is a data transmission/reception method performed in a data transmission/reception system including a sensing terminal and a user terminal connected through Bluetooth low energy (BLE) communication. The data transmission/reception method includes operations of allowing the sensing terminal to acquire sensing data, allowing the sensing terminal to sequentially assign a number on the basis of the time at which the sensing data is acquired and store the number in a packet of the sensing data, and allowing the sensing terminal to transmit the sensing data in which the number is stored to the user terminal in a broadcast mode of the BLE communication.

Systems and methods for performing carrier aggregation in wireless sidelink communications are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method performed by a first node is disclosed. The method comprises: obtaining configuration information related to sidelink data transmission between the first node and at least one second node, wherein the configuration information comprises one or more rules related to carrier aggregation for the sidelink data transmission, wherein the one or more rules comprise information related to a reliability level associated with the sidelink data transmission; and transmitting the sidelink data to the at least one second node on a plurality of carriers based on the configuration information.

Systems and methods for performing carrier aggregation in wireless sidelink communications are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method performed by a first node is disclosed. The method comprises: obtaining configuration information related to sidelink data transmission between the first node and at least one second node, wherein the configuration information comprises one or more rules related to carrier aggregation for the sidelink data transmission, wherein the one or more rules comprise information related to a reliability level associated with the sidelink data transmission; and transmitting the sidelink data to the at least one second node on a plurality of carriers based on the configuration information.

A mobility management method and apparatus are provided, to flexibly switch a forwarding path, and ensure service continuity in a movement process of a terminal device. The method includes: A control plane network element determines a changed media access control address MAC address of a first terminal device after the first terminal device moves. Then, the control plane network element determines at least one second terminal device that belongs to a same terminal device group as the first terminal device, where the first terminal device is a terminal device whose address changes after the movement, and the at least one second terminal device is a terminal device other than the first terminal device in the terminal device group. Finally, the control plane network element notifies the first terminal device and the at least one second terminal device to update to the changed MAC address of the first terminal device.

A mobility management method and apparatus are provided, to flexibly switch a forwarding path, and ensure service continuity in a movement process of a terminal device. The method includes: A control plane network element determines a changed media access control address MAC address of a first terminal device after the first terminal device moves. Then, the control plane network element determines at least one second terminal device that belongs to a same terminal device group as the first terminal device, where the first terminal device is a terminal device whose address changes after the movement, and the at least one second terminal device is a terminal device other than the first terminal device in the terminal device group. Finally, the control plane network element notifies the first terminal device and the at least one second terminal device to update to the changed MAC address of the first terminal device.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for detecting network service failure and potential source of failure in a communication network employing registration requests. A current quantity of registration requests may be compared against an expected quantity of registration requests, and a network alert may be sent based on the comparison.