Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatuses for end-to-end flow control. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method includes: determining whether congestion happens at an IAB node; and transmitting a message to a donor node in response to determining that the congestion happens at the IAB node, wherein the message comprises at least one of: (1) a first message indicating the congestion associated with a radio link control channel; or (2) a second message indicating the congestion associated with a parent node of the IAB node.

A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a block ACK in a wireless LAN system are disclosed. An operation method for a first communication node comprises the steps of: generating a first data frame including first ADDBA information; transmitting the first data frame to a second communication node; and receiving, from the second communication node, a first RA including second ADDBA information generated by the second communication node in response to the first data frame.

A priority control apparatus includes: load information acquisition part which acquires communication load information per priority at relay apparatus that controls allocation of communication resources relative to individual communication depending on a priority that is set for the individual communication between two or more communication apparatuses; communication quality acquisition part which acquires communication quality as to control target communication; and priority control part which calculates a first priority, with which communication quality as to the control target communication can satisfy a predetermined condition, by using a mathematical model that indicates a relationship between a piece of communication load information before a priority as to the control target communication is set as the first priority and a communication quality when the priority as to the control target communication concerned is set as the first priority, and which sets the calculated first priority as the priority of the control target communication concerned.

Provided is a method for providing a service in an edge network system including a plurality of access points including steps of transmitting, by a terminal, a service request message including a name of a service to be provided to a first access point, transmitting, by the first access point, a service request response message including an estimated service execution time and data for authentication to the terminal, performing authentication between the terminal and the first access point based on the data for authentication for the estimated service execution time, and providing, by the first access point, a content corresponding to the service request message to the terminal, when the authentication between the terminal and the first access point is successful.

A user equipment (UE) determines that a protocol data unit (PDU) session comprises an adaptable PDU session. The UE determines whether a current energy mode of the UE comprises an energy-saving mode. In response to determining that the current energy mode of the UE comprises the energy-saving mode, the UE establishes the adaptable PDU session in a non-always-on mode; and in response to determining that the current energy mode of the UE does not comprise the energy-saving mode, the UE establishes the adaptable PDU session in an always-on mode. Further, the UE can initially establish a mode of a plurality of adaptable PDU sessions as the non-always-on mode, when connecting to a certain type of network.

A method for performing wireless communication by a first apparatus and an apparatus for supporting same are provided. The method may comprise the steps of: receiving a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) from a second apparatus; receiving a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) related to the PSCCH from the second apparatus; determining a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) resource related to the PSSCH, on the basis of a slot and sub-channel related to the PSSCH; and obtaining a channel busy ratio (CBR) value related to PSFCH transmission on the PSFCH resource. The CBR value may be obtained on the basis of (i) a first slot before a first offset from a slot that received the PSSCH related to the PSFCH resource, and (ii) measurement in a time section between the first slot and a second slot before a second offset.

Some embodiments of the invention provide a method for evaluating multiple candidate resource elements that are candidates for deploying a set of one or more tenant deployable elements in a public cloud. For each particular tenant deployable element, the method deploys in the public cloud at least one instance of each of a set of one or more candidate resource elements and at least one agent to execute on the deployed resource element instance. The method communicates with each deployed agent to collect metrics for quantifying performance of the agent's respective resource element instance. The method then aggregates the collected metrics in order to generate a report that quantifies performance of each candidate resource element in the set of candidate resource elements for deploying the particular tenant deployable element in the public cloud.

Systems and methods for reducing latency in the data path between a source and destination and managing resources in a 5G network are provided. The systems and methods described herein include dynamically selecting user plane functions (UPFs) and/or dynamically placing UPFs at particular locations within the 5G network. In some examples, each UPF in the 5G network is statically placed, and the UPF used for communication between a source and destination is dynamically selected based on control plane data. In other examples, UPFs are dynamically placed, and the UPF used for communication is dynamically selected to reduce latency and/or resource usage based on control plane data. In other examples, UPFs are dynamically placed, and the UPF used for communication is dynamically selected to reduce latency and/or resource usage based on user plane data after the flow of packets has started between a source and destination.

A system described herein may provide for the use of modeling techniques to generate models associated with various locations or regions (e.g., sectors) associated with one or more radio access networks (“RANs”) of a wireless network, as well as for one or more mobile radio units (“MRUs”) that include wireless network infrastructure and which may be dynamically moved from one location to another. The system may identify attributes of a location within the network at which the MRU is located, and may automatically configure base stations of the RAN as well as the wireless network infrastructure of the MRU in order to optimize the operation of the RAN, as well as to gain optimal usage of the MRU.

A bearer creation system creates dedicated bearers for sessions requested by user equipment devices based on a policy associated with the user equipment device. The bearer creation system detects that a request to initiate a session has been sent by user equipment associated with a policy. The bearer creation system compares the request to initiate the session to information indicated by the policy, and determines whether to create a dedicated bearer for the session based on the comparison. The bearer creation system creates a dedicated bearer for the session based on a determination that a dedicated bearer should be created.