An electronic device may include a photonics-based phased antenna array that conveys wireless signals at frequencies greater than 100 GHz. In a transmit mode, the array may transmit signals using the first and second optical signals. In a receive mode, the array may receive signals using the optical signals. In a passive mode, the array may reflect incident wireless signals as reflected signals. Photodiodes in the array may be controlled to exhibit output impedances that are mismatched with respect to input impedances of radiating elements in the array. Different mismatches can be used across the array or as a function of time to impart different phase and/or frequency shifts on the reflected signals. The phase shifts may be used to encode information into the reflected signals and/or to form a signal beam of the reflected signals.

The present disclosure provides methods for providing network slice bit rate information and enforcing bit rate limitations. An exemplary method provides for receiving a network slice identifier identifying a network slice and corresponding network slice bit rate information (NS-BRI) for the identified network slice. The NS-BRI comprises i) first maximum bit rate information (MBRI) specifying a first maximum bit rate for the network slice and the user equipment, and/or ii) first guaranteed bit rate information (GBRI) specifying a first aggregate guaranteed bit rate for the network slice and the user equipment.

A method of generic encoding of a radio access network (RAN) parameter exchanged over E2 application protocol (E2AP) between an Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) node and a near-real time radio access network intelligent controller (near-RT RIC) includes: providing a generic encoding mechanism for a message structure containing at least one RAN parameter, wherein the generic encoding mechanism includes a first categorization of each RAN parameter exchanged between the O-RAN node and the near-RT RIC into one of ELEMENT type, STRUCTURE type or LIST type; wherein the ELEMENT type parameter is a singleton variable which does not have any other associated RAN parameter; the STRUCTURE type parameter is a sequence of RAN parameters in which each RAN parameter in the sequence can be one of the ELEMENT type parameter, another STRUCTURE type parameter, or the LIST type parameter; and the LIST type parameter is a list of STRUCTURE type parameters.

The present disclosure provides an SDAP entity maintenance method, a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal. The SDAP entity maintenance method includes: maintaining the SDAP entity based on a destination identifier; wherein, the destination identifier includes: a sidelink communication destination ID; or the destination identifier includes: a combination of a sidelink communication source ID and the sidelink communication destination ID; or the destination identifier includes: a combination of the sidelink communication destination ID and a cast type; or the destination identifier includes: a combination of the sidelink communication source ID, the sidelink communication destination ID, and the cast type; or the destination identifier includes: a user ID of the transmitting terminal.

The present disclosure relates to a first type node (AP.sub.3) in a wireless communication system (1), wherein the first type node (AP.sub.3) is adapted to: —communicate with at least one other first type node (AP.sub.2) in the wireless communication system (1) over a corresponding backhaul channel (H.sub.32) by means of one of at least one type of signal relaying that employs decoding and encoding, and —communicate with a corresponding group of second type nodes (U.sub.31, U.sub.32) via a corresponding access channel (h.sub.31, h.sub.32), each group of second type nodes (U.sub.31, U.sub.32) comprising at least one second type node (U31, U32). In the case of a backhaul channel (H′.sub.32) between the first type node (AP3) and one other first type node (AP.sub.2) being determined to be blocked to a certain degree, the first type node (AP.sub.3) is further adapted to instruct at least one second type node (U.sub.31) of the second type nodes in the group of second type nodes (U.sub.31, U.sub.32) that is comprised in an over-heard sub-group, to communicate directly with an overhearing first type node (AP.sub.1) via a corresponding access channel (h.sub.31-1).

The present disclosure relates to a first type node (AP.sub.3) in a wireless communication system (1), wherein the first type node (AP.sub.3) is adapted to: —communicate with at least one other first type node (AP.sub.2) in the wireless communication system (1) over a corresponding backhaul channel (H.sub.32) by means of one of at least one type of signal relaying that employs decoding and encoding, and —communicate with a corresponding group of second type nodes (U.sub.31, U.sub.32) via a corresponding access channel (h.sub.31, h.sub.32), each group of second type nodes (U.sub.31, U.sub.32) comprising at least one second type node (U31, U32). In the case of a backhaul channel (H′.sub.32) between the first type node (AP3) and one other first type node (AP.sub.2) being determined to be blocked to a certain degree, the first type node (AP.sub.3) is further adapted to instruct at least one second type node (U.sub.31) of the second type nodes in the group of second type nodes (U.sub.31, U.sub.32) that is comprised in an over-heard sub-group, to communicate directly with an overhearing first type node (AP.sub.1) via a corresponding access channel (h.sub.31-1).

An embodiment provides a method for operating a user equipment (UE) for performing sidelink communication in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the steps of: monitoring a control signal for a sidelink operation in an on-duration of a sidelink DRX cycle, by the UE; and monitoring a control signal for a sidelink operation in a next on-duration of the sidelink DRX cycle after the on-duration of the sidelink DRX cycle, by the UE, wherein the sidelink DRX cycle corresponds to a sidelink DRX configuration determined on the basis of an PQI or an PC5 QoS flow identifier (PFI).

A method and device for applying a different security policy, per service traffic, to a protocol data unit (PDU) session in a wireless communication system. The method comprises receiving, by a session management function (SMF) managing a session for a user equipment (UE), first configuration information about a first user plane security policy of the UE from a unified data management (UDM) managing subscription information about the UE, receiving, by the SMF, second configuration information about a second user plane security policy to be applied to a specific service data flow from a policy and control function (PCF) managing a policy and charging control (PCC) rule, and determining a user plane security policy to be applied to the UE based on one selected from the first user plane security policy and the second user plane security policy according to priority.

A method includes processing event data to detect a status of a network function. The event data is processed based on two or more conditions defined by a correlation policy. The correlation policy includes a non-deterministic finite automata tree (NFAT) structure correlation policy having a policy type. The method also includes determining a first value of a first condition of the two or more conditions. The method further includes determining a second value of a second condition of the two or more conditions. The method additionally includes determining the policy type of the NFAT structure correlation policy. The method also includes determining whether the first value is greater than a first preset value indicative of whether the first condition is satisfied. The method further includes determining whether the second value is greater than a second preset value indicative of whether the second condition is satisfied.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, an apparatus of a user equipment (UE) may transmit, over an unlicensed carrier, an initial transmission of a transport block (TB) satisfying a condition and an indication that a retransmission of the TB will be communicated over a licensed carrier. The apparatus may retransmit the TB over the licensed carrier based at least in part on a failure of the transmission of the TB over the unlicensed carrier. Numerous other aspects are described.