Embodiments contemplate network stack virtualization which may be virtualization of a portion of the communication stack, such as the protocol stack, in some embodiments, multiple functionally of independent copies of the protocol stack may be simultaneously running on the terminal and/or serving the needs of different applications. This may allow independent operation from the application point of view, including connectivity to different networks with different identities. Embodiments contemplate that any number of such virtual network stacks can be instantiated, perhaps in some embodiments depending on the characteristics of an active application. Embodiments also contemplate the presentation of multiple allocated internet protocol (IP) addresses that may have sufficient information to enable an intelligent source IP address selection on the WTRU. The WTRU may be able to select an optimum IP address, perhaps in some embodiments depending on which application may be started.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for beam selection in uplink-based and downlink-based mobility scenarios, for example, for new radio (NR) systems which can improve handover reliability, reduce handover frequency, and improve power efficiency. Certain aspects provide a method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE). The method generally includes transmitting an uplink reference signal with an indication of a preferred downlink beam and receiving a downlink transmission based, at least in part, on the uplink reference signal.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a policy control method and system, a network element, and a storage medium. A control plane network element establishes, for UE, a first DN connection that uses a first forwarding plane network element as an anchor. The method includes: when the control plane network element receives a handover notification message for the UE and determines that a second forwarding plane network element serves the UE, or when the control plane network element establishes, for the UE, a second DN connection that uses a second forwarding plane network element as an anchor, the control plane network element updates a forwarding path of the first DN connection, so that an updated forwarding path of the first DN connection passes through the second forwarding plane network element, and the second forwarding plane network element performs policy control on a packet on the first DN connection.

In one aspect, the invention provides an improved procedure for handing over a connection from a source network node to a target network node. In some embodiments, this procedure includes the following steps: (a) receiving, at a gateway, a handover required message transmitted from the source network node; (b) generating, at the gateway, a handover request message in response to receiving the handover required message; and (c) transmitting, from the gateway, the handover request message to the target network node. In another aspect, the invention provides an improved gateway that is configured to intercept and handle handover signaling.

According to the present disclosure, a mobility management method, an access network device, and a terminal device are disclosed. A base station system includes a centralized unit and a distributed unit, the centralized unit communicates with the distributed unit, and the distributed unit communicates with a terminal device through an air interface. An example method includes: selecting, by the centralized unit, a target cell as a secondary cell based on a measurement report reported by the terminal device, and sending configuration information of the target cell to the terminal device through the distributed unit; and receiving, by the centralized unit, primary cell change indication information sent by the distributed unit, performing air interface resource reconfiguration for the target cell based on the primary cell change indication information, generating reconfiguration information, and sending, by the centralized unit, the reconfiguration information to the terminal device through the distributed unit.

A communication circuit arrangement may include a control circuit configured to receive an initial call notification attempt in idle mode from a first network for an incoming call that originates from a second network, establish an active connection with the first network, trigger a subsequent call notification attempt from the incoming call from the first network by disregarding the initial call notification attempt, and presenting a user with caller identity information for the incoming call provided in the subsequent call notification attempt.

A direct handover method and device are provided. The method comprises: receiving a handover message sent by a source side access network node; selecting a destination side core network node, and sending a handover message to the destination side core network node, so that the destination side core network node obtains context information of a UE from a source side core network node; receiving a handover acknowledge message sent by the destination side core network node. The source side access network node sends the handover message to a destination side access network node, the destination side access network node selects the destination side core network node, and sends the handover message to the destination side core network node, and the destination side core network node requests the context information of the UE from the source side core network node, so as to complete the handover.

The present invention provides a handover method. An access node obtains mobility management entity pool MME pool information which is sent by a donor station of the access node and is used for identifying a mobility management entity MME to which a user equipment UE is attached. The access node initiates handover for the UE according to the MME pool information used for identifying the MME to which the UE is attached. The present invention further provides a communication device and a communication system.

Resources are reserved for handover signaling. Handover reliability is thereby improved since the primary interference for handover signaling will be from the handover signaling of nearby cells (e.g., as opposed to data traffic). Given the relatively sparse nature of handover signaling, a significant reduction in interference may be achieved in a network employing this technique in comparison to conventional networks. In some implementations, a set of neighboring access points cooperate to determine which resources are reserved for handover signaling. In some implementations, resources for handover signaling are reserved on a network-wide basis or an access point cluster-wide basis.

A determination may be made that resources from wireless coverage areas of a radio access network (RAN) are to be assigned to a particular wireless communication device (WCD), and that the particular WCD is configured for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. Possibly in response to making the determination, the RAN may assign resources from a first extent of wireless coverage areas for substantially simultaneous communication between the RAN and the particular WCD. For other WCDs not configured for M2M communication, resources from a second extent of wireless coverage areas may be assigned for substantially simultaneous communication between the RAN and the other WCDs. The first extent may be greater than the second extent.