Decision-making equipment (22) is configured for link change decision-making using reinforcement learning. The decision-making equipment (22) is configured to track rewards (30-1, . . . 30-M) earned for, and outcomes (28-1, . . . 28-M) of, respective link change decisions (26-1, . . . 26-M). In some embodiments, possible outcomes of a link change decision to change a serving link of a wireless device to a target link include at least: a change of the serving link of the wireless device from the target link to another link; and a network-initiated disconnect of the wireless device from the target link. Regardless, the decision-making equipment (22) is also configured to make a link change decision (28-(M+1)) based on the tracked rewards (30-1, . . . 30-M) and outcomes (28-1, . . . 28-M).

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. An access and mobility management function (AMF) associated with a first radio access network (RAN) may identify a user equipment (UE) connected to a source base station of the first RAN. The AMF may receive a handover message including a voice call continuity handover trigger message indicating a handover of the UE to a target base station associated with a second RAN. In some examples, the AMF may transmit a bypass handover message to a second network device based a on the received handover message. In some cases, the bypass handover message may include the voice call continuity handover trigger message. In some examples, the second network device is a mobility management entity (MME) associated with an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN).

Method for unified networking for a device in heterogeneous mobile environments includes maintaining and monitoring active network interfaces, managing the location of the device, managing network access security, enabling disruption tolerance support for applications, enabling service sharing and session mobility, managing system parameters for one or more active application sessions, managing storage functionality in one or more memory devices, and maintaining a mapping for one or more flows corresponding to the one or more active application sessions, maintaining one or more policies, and performing flow control decisions based upon the policies using a policy engine. The method can also include monitoring for network events, evaluating whether to perform a handover based upon policies, and providing seamless secure handovers in a heterogeneous mobile environment. A device, non-transitory computer-readable medium, and a system for unified networking are also provided.

A method of reducing gray energy consumption and achieving optimal gray energy saving for carbon neutralization is proposed. In a cellular network, each cell or BS (group of cells) has renewable (green) and non-renewable (gray, on-grid power) energy sources. The renewable (green) energy is highly variable and unpredictable, while non-renewable (gray, on-grid power) is stable but is not renewable and thus has more carbon impact. Each cell or BS (group of cells) services is associated UEs when it is on. In one novel aspect, a cell or BS (group of cells) that consumes more non-renewable energy can give some or all of its served UEs to another cell or BS (group of cells) that consumes less non-renewable energy.

Wireless communications systems and methods related to communications in a wireless network during handover are provided. A method of wireless communication performed by a first base station (BS), may include communicating, based on a handover condition, flight path information associated with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and performing a communication handover of the UAV between the first BS and a second BS.

A user communications device having active and idle states operates in a cellular communications network in which user communications devices communicate via network communications devices of cells of the network. History data identifying the cells in which the user communications device has been present whilst in the idle state is maintained. This history data is used by the user communications device or by a network communications device to enable adjustment of cell selection/reselection parameters for the user communications device in the active state.

A user equipment is configured for use in a wireless communication system. The user equipment in this regard is configured to detect an orientation of an equipment coordinate frame defined for the user equipment relative to an earth coordinate frame defined for Earth. The user equipment is also configured to determine, based on the detected orientation, a set) of beams defined in the equipment coordinate frame which does not include any beam pointing in one or more predefined directions in the earth coordinate frame. The user equipment is further configured to perform a beam sweep or scan on the determined set of beams.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, determining a demand for real-time services to a first mobile device, by way of a base station of an LTE system. In response, utilization of a first wireless channel of a first radio of the base station is evaluated. The first radio supports a first wireless service that includes the real-time service and a non-real-time service to a second mobile device within the same cellular region. A handover of the second mobile device to a second radio of the base station is facilitated in response to the utilization. The second radio is configured to support a second wireless service that excludes the real-time service within the same cellular region. Responsive to the handover, the second radio supports the non-real-time service over the second wireless channel to the second mobile device within the cellular region. Other embodiments are disclosed.

A method for optimizing capacity and coverage in a target area of a multi-radio access technology (RAT) cellular network. In some aspects, the performance of the higher-generation RAT and that of the lower-generation RAT are each evaluated in order to optimize the capacity and coverage of the higher-generation RAT.

A method includes determining whether a packet switched (PS) signaling connection is released, the PS signaling connection being associated with a first network corresponding to a first radio access technology (RAT), controlling a switching timing to a second network corresponding to a second RAT according to a type of the PS signaling connection, and transmitting a request for switching to the second network. A terminal includes a controller to determine whether a packet switched (PS) signaling connection is released, the PS signaling connection being associated with a first network corresponding to a first radio access technology (RAT), and to control a switching timing to a second network corresponding to a second RAT according to a type of the PS signaling connection, and a transmitter to transmit a request for switching to the second network.