In one embodiment, a neighbor access point list is obtained. Statistics are maintained for a current access point that a client is currently associated with, including previous access points previous clients have roamed from prior to associating with the current access point, and next access points the previous clients associated with. The neighbor access point list for the client is optimized, by determining one or more previous clients that associated with a same previous access point as the client and prioritizing access points in the optimized neighbor access point list, based on the next access points the one or more previous clients associated with. The optimized neighbor access point list is sent to the client.

A device establishes a first transmission control protocol (TCP) connection with a client device associated with a wireless network, and establishes a second TCP connection with a server device associated with the wireless network. The device also provides a first TCP window size to the client device via the first TCP connection, and provides a second TCP window size to the server device via the second TCP connection, where the first TCP window size is different than the second TCP window size.

A device establishes a first transmission control protocol (TCP) connection with a client device associated with a wireless network, and establishes a second TCP connection with a server device associated with the wireless network. The device also provides a first TCP window size to the client device via the first TCP connection, and provides a second TCP window size to the server device via the second TCP connection, where the first TCP window size is different than the second TCP window size.

A method for topology hiding is disclosed, comprising: receiving, at a gateway, the gateway positioned between a core network and a radio access network, a configuration information request from a base station; analyzing, at the gateway, a topology of the radio access network, the radio access network including the base station; grouping, at the gateway, the base station into a first group based on the topology; sending, from the gateway to the base station, a grouping message to indicate that the base station be placed in the first group; and terminating connections from the core network to one or more base stations in the first group at the gateway as a back-to-back proxy, thereby hiding the topology of the radio access network from the core network.

Systems and methods for managing data usage of a cellular modem during DoS/DDoS attacks are provided. According to one embodiment, a network security device of a private network detects a DoS attack in network traffic going through the network security device and determines whether the DoS attack is being transmitted through a cellular modem of a cellular data network. The network security device reduces data usage of the cellular modem when the DoS attack is detected and the DoS attack being is transmitted through the cellular modem.

A method for managing network traffic on a portable communication device including a processor, a memory, and a plurality of network interfaces configured to connect to a plurality of networks includes: processing network traffic of an application running on the processor via a first network of the plurality of networks, the first network being specified as a primary network by an operating system running on the processor; monitoring a plurality of network status information associated with the first network; detecting a problem of the first network when one or more parameters of the received network status information is outside of one or more threshold values; in response to detecting the problem in the first network, selecting a second network of the plurality of networks as the primary network; and processing the network traffic via the second network as the updated primary network.

Embodiments are directed to a NRDU handover simulator (100) for performing new radio (NR) standalone (SA) handover simulation. The NRDU handover simulator (100) includes UE group simulator (184) configured to generate multiple simulated UE groups and a DU simulator (186) configured to generate multiple simulated DUs and a test controller (182) connected to simulated UE groups and a traffic generator (188). The test controller (182) is configured to receive an input for performing handover for testing a DUT (190) and determine a simulated UE group associated with a simulated DU for performing the handover based on the input. The test controller (182) is configured to cause the traffic generator (188) to generate a traffic profile based on the input for performing the handover of the simulated UE group and perform simulated handover of the UE group associated with the simulated DU periodically, for testing the DUT (190).

A network communication method and apparatus, and a related device. The network communication method in embodiments of this application includes: A first network element determines, based on state information, that a terminal is required to obtain a service on a higher priority network, where the state information reflects a service state of the terminal in a selected network, and a priority of the higher priority network is higher than a priority of the selected network; and the first network element sends, to the terminal, at least one of: first indication information and network information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the terminal to attempt to obtain the service on the higher priority network, and the network information is information about the higher priority network.

A terminal apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message from a base station apparatus, and a controller configured to configure a parameter based on the parameter included in the RRC reconfiguration message. The parameter includes at least identity information of a target cell and a configuration of a subcarrier spacing, and the configuration of the subcarrier spacing is configured for each of the target cells.

A terminal apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message from a base station apparatus, and a controller configured to configure a parameter based on the parameter included in the RRC reconfiguration message. The parameter includes at least identity information of a target cell and a configuration of a subcarrier spacing, and the configuration of the subcarrier spacing is configured for each of the target cells.