Embodiments are directed towards systems and methods for user plane function (UPF) and network slice load balancing within a 5G network. Example embodiments include systems and methods for load balancing based on current UPF load and thresholds that depend on UPF capacity; UPF load balancing using predicted throughput of new UE on the network based on network data analytics; UPF load balancing based on special considerations for low latency traffic; UPF load balancing supporting multiple slices, maintaining several load-thresholds for each UPF and each slice depending on the UPF and network slice capacity; and UPF load balancing using predicted central processing unit (CPU) utilization and/or predicted memory utilization of new UE on the network based on network data analytics.

A base station of a radio access network (RAN) can be configured to prioritize standalone (SA) 5G traffic over non-standalone (NSA) 5G traffic in certain situations, to improve user experiences associated with 5G-specific services implemented via SA 5G networks. The base station can generally instruct 5G user equipment (UE), such SA UEs and NSA UEs, to prioritize camping on an SA priority band. However, if a RAN load level is at or above a threshold, the base station can instruct NSA UEs to prioritize camping on a different priority band in order to relieve congestion on the SA priority band and/or preserve remaining capacity on the SA priority band for SA UEs. When the RAN load level is above a threshold, the base station can also, or alternately, at least briefly delay traffic associated with NSA UEs to prioritize transmission of traffic associated with SA UEs.

Systems and methods are provided to manage, control, and configure connectivity for vehicles or other devices. Data in different formats, which is received from different connectivity providers, is converted into a unified data format and stored in a data store. The unified data format allows analytics to be performed across the converted data. In some embodiments, a connectivity type of a plurality of connectivity types associated with a vehicle is controlled based on a current lifecycle stage of the vehicle. In some embodiments, a first data connection between a device and a first connectivity provider is utilized. Based on an identified change in location of the device and information associated with a second data connection between the device and a second connectivity provider, a switch to the second data connection is facilitated based on a determination that that the second data connection has more optimal characteristics.

A method and an apparatus for terminating a cellular network connection of a terminal that is connected without authentication are provided. The disclosure relates to a communication technique and a system for fusing a 4th generation (4G) system and a 5th generation (5G) communication system to support higher data rates, which is subsequent to the 4G system, with Internet-of-things (IoT) technology. The disclosure may be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or connected cars, healthcare, digital education, retail business, security and safe-related services, or the like) based on 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology.

Provided are a wireless communication method, a network device and a terminal device. The method includes: after acquiring a PSI parameter of a terminal device, a first network device determines whether to update policy information of the terminal device, wherein the PSI parameter is used for identifying a part of policy information for the terminal device under a subscribed user. In an implementation of the present disclosure, after acquiring a Policy Section Identifier (PSI) parameter of a terminal device, a first network device directly determines whether to update policy information of the terminal device.

Provided are a wireless communication method, a network device and a terminal device. The method includes: after acquiring a PSI parameter of a terminal device, a first network device determines whether to update policy information of the terminal device, wherein the PSI parameter is used for identifying a part of policy information for the terminal device under a subscribed user. In an implementation of the present disclosure, after acquiring a Policy Section Identifier (PSI) parameter of a terminal device, a first network device directly determines whether to update policy information of the terminal device.

There are provided a method of managing radio connectivity of a vehicle and a system thereof. The method comprises: continuously receiving by vehicle's telematic system a predictive model generated by remote system using data continuously collected from a plurality of vehicles, wherein the collected data comprise, for each given vehicle of the plurality of vehicles, data informative of its location, speed and of Radio Access Technology (RAT)-related measurements; and, responsive to a predefined event, applying, by the telematic system, a lastly received predictive model to current values of a predefined set of inputs associated with the vehicle to obtain instructions and respectively provide corrective actions related to radio connectivity of the vehicle. The corrective actions include modifying RRC measurement report(s) so as to force the cellular network to provide one of: intra-RAT handover, inter-RAT handover; excluding available connectivity with undesired RAT or band; and terminating the radio connectivity with further RAT re-selecting.

There are provided a method of managing radio connectivity of a vehicle and a system thereof. The method comprises: continuously receiving by vehicle's telematic system a predictive model generated by remote system using data continuously collected from a plurality of vehicles, wherein the collected data comprise, for each given vehicle of the plurality of vehicles, data informative of its location, speed and of Radio Access Technology (RAT)-related measurements; and, responsive to a predefined event, applying, by the telematic system, a lastly received predictive model to current values of a predefined set of inputs associated with the vehicle to obtain instructions and respectively provide corrective actions related to radio connectivity of the vehicle. The corrective actions include modifying RRC measurement report(s) so as to force the cellular network to provide one of: intra-RAT handover, inter-RAT handover; excluding available connectivity with undesired RAT or band; and terminating the radio connectivity with further RAT re-selecting.

Provided in embodiments of the disclosure are a method and apparatus for cell selection or reselection, and a terminal. The method includes that: a terminal performs cell selection or cell reselection based on first information, the first information being Non-Public Network (NPN) related information.

Provided in embodiments of the disclosure are a method and apparatus for cell selection or reselection, and a terminal. The method includes that: a terminal performs cell selection or cell reselection based on first information, the first information being Non-Public Network (NPN) related information.