The present disclosure provides a time-and-frequency synchronization method, a network device, and a terminal. The time-and-frequency synchronization method for the terminal includes: subsequent to determining that the terminal in an idle state or a DRX state needs to be woken up to receive a downlink signal, receiving a physical signal for time-and-frequency synchronization from the network device; and performing time-and-frequency synchronization in accordance with the physical signal.

The present disclosure provides a method for transmitting a synchronization signal (SS), the method comprising: performing a listen-before-talk (LBT) operation in a pre-defined window; if the LBT operation succeeds, transmitting an SS block (SSB) in the window, wherein the SSB comprises the SS, or the SSB comprises the SS and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). Compared with the prior art, the present disclosure may significantly improve the efficiency of data transmission and the access performance for the communication system by relaxing the time when the base station implements the LBT, that is, allowing the base station to implement the LBT in the pre-defined window and transmit the SSB after the LBT succeeds.

Implementations of the present disclosure provide an indication method, a detection method, and a related device. In the present disclosure, a network device indicates to user equipment, within what frequency domain ranges there is no SSB transmission, thereby preventing the user equipment from performing useless searches in the frequency domain ranges in which there is no SSB.

An uplink synchronization method and an apparatus are provided. The method includes: sending, by a network device, a timing advance command to a communications device, where the timing advance command includes a timing advance TA reference value, and the TA reference value corresponds to a carrier in a timing advance group TAG; determining, by the communications device, a TA offset of the carrier based on carrier information of the carrier; and adjusting, by the communications device, an uplink transmission timing of the carrier based on the TA reference value and the TA offset of the carrier.

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for configuring downlink and uplink radio resources in an unlicensed band. The present invention provides a method comprising the steps of: receiving information indicating at least one synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block index from a base station in the unlicensed band; and receiving downlink control information (DCI) for allocation of resources for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) in the unlicensed band from the base station. Therefore, efficient transmission of downlink and/or uplink data or control information in an unlicensed band is possible.

A method and apparatus for TRS activation, a terminal device, and a network device are provided. The method comprises: a terminal device receives a first activation instruction sent by a network device, the first activation instruction being used for activating a TRS, and the TRS being used for fast Scell activation; and the terminal device measures the TRS, the measured TRS being used for time-frequency synchronization with a Scell.

A method and apparatus of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system are provided. The method and apparatus comprise: receiving a set of higher layer parameters including configuration information for sidelink synchronization signals and physical sidelink broadcast channel (S-SS/PSBCH) block; determining, based on the configuration information for the S-SS/PSBCH block, a number of transmitted S-SS/PSBCH blocks (N.sub.SSB), an offset for transmitted S-SS/PSBCH blocks (O.sub.SSB), and an interval for transmitted S-SS/PSBCH blocks (D.sub.SSB); and determining a set of slots containing the transmitted S-SS/PSBCH blocks within a period for a transmission of the S-SS/PSBCH block, wherein an index of a slot in the set of slots is determined based on O.sub.SSB+I.sub.SSB*D.sub.SSB, where I.sub.SSB is an index of the S-SS/PSBCH block with 0≤I.sub.SSB≤N.sub.SSB−1.

Various solutions for satellite access network (SAN) or non-terrestrial network (NTN) measurement with respect to user equipment and network apparatus in mobile communications are described. An apparatus may determine a first number of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) or SSB-based radio resource management (RRM) measurement timing configurations (SMTCs) overlapped in a time domain. The apparatus may determine a second number of satellites to be measured in each of the SMTCs. The apparatus may calculate a scaling factor according to the first number and the second number. The apparatus may determine a measurement period by applying the scaling factor. The apparatus may perform measurements on the satellites within the measurement period.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for facilitating the use of random access channel occasions for full-duplex communication. An example method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a first group of UEs may include receiving, from a base station (BS) of a wireless network, a first indication indicating, from a first plurality of random access channel occasions (ROs) not available for use by a second group of UEs within the wireless network, a set of ROs that are available for use by the first group of UEs within the wireless network, receiving a first signal of a plurality of signals transmitted by the BS, and transmitting, in response to receiving the first signal, a random access preamble in a first RO of the set of ROs based on a mapping between the first signal and the first RO.

A system and method for managing interference between different enterprises operating over the same spectrum. The system includes a central unit of a first enterprise associated with a first cell site; a central unit of a second enterprise associated with a second cell site; and an interface for connecting the central unit of the first enterprise to the central unit of the second enterprise and configured to transmit load information; wherein a central unit of either enterprise is configured to share load information without requiring a standard form between each enterprise via the interface to minimize interference between each enterprise when both enterprises are operating in the same spectrum and an overlapping coverage region between each cell site.