This disclosure relates to embodiments broadcasting timing misalignment (TΔ or T_ delta or Tdelta) information in a fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network. Tdelta information associated with an IAB node is determined based on a downlink (DL) transmit (TX) timing associated with the IAB node and an uplink (UL) receive (RX) timing associated with the IAB node. A determination is made whether the Tdelta information is to common to at least one child node associated with the IAB node and at least one child user equipment (UE) associated with the IAB node. A message having the Tdelta information is generated in response to the determination that the Tdelta information is common to at least one child node associated with the IAB node and at least one child UE associated with the IAB node. The message is broadcast to the child nodes associated with the IAB node and the child UEs associated with the IAB node.

Systems and methods relating to a transmission timing difference between cells in a multi-carrier system in which at least one of the cells is subject to Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) before transmitting are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method of operation of a User Equipment (UE) comprises determining a transmission timing difference between a first cell that operates on a first carrier and a second cell that operates on a second carrier, wherein CCA is required to be performed on at least one of a first channel in which the first carrier is located and a second channel in which the second carrier is located before the UE is permitted to transmit. The method further comprises using the transmission timing difference for one or more operational tasks of the UE. The transmission timing difference is determined when the first channel and the second channel are available at the UE.

High-frequency communications in 5G and especially 6G will require precise synchronization of user devices with the base station, including setting the user device clock time and clock rate. The base station can assist user devices by periodically providing a guard-space timestamp point, at which a phase or amplitude of the timing signal abruptly changes in the middle of the guard-space of a particular resource element or a particular OFDM symbol. A receiver can determine precisely the time of arrival of the timestamp point, and correct its clock setting to agree with the time of the timestamp point. The receiver can then provide uplink messages aligned with the base station's clock, by adding a previously determined timing advance to each uplink transmission. In addition, the user device can measure two guard-space timing signals with a predetermined separation, thereby adjusting the clock rate.

Logic to receive a first set of two or more timing management frames wherein one or more of the two or more timing management frames in the first set comprise a first adjusted follower clock value. Logic to calculate a second adjusted clock value. Logic to cause transmission of a second set of two or more timing management frames, wherein one or more of the two or more timing management frames in the second set comprise the second adjusted clock value. Logic to cause transmission of a first set of two or more acknowledgement frames. Logic to receive a second set of two or more acknowledgement frames. And logic to calculate a difference between the first adjusted follower clock value and the second adjusted clock value to determine a synchronization error, the synchronization error to represent a performance of the time synchronization.

Various communication systems may benefit from improved signaling. For example, anew radio communication system may benefit from a flexible indication of transmission timing. A method may include determining, at the user equipment, transmission timing based on a first parameter and a second parameter. The first parameter may indicate an offset as a number of slots. The second parameter may indicate an offset as a number of symbols within one of the slots. The method may also include using the transmission timing to at least one of send an uplink transmission or receive a downlink transmission.

In accordance with an example embodiment, there is provided an apparatus, such as a user equipment, configured to receive, from a communication network, an authentication request which comprises a nonce and a received sequence number, check, whether the received sequence number is advanced with respect to a first sequence number, the first sequence number being from a most recent previous authentication request handled by the apparatus, check, responsive to the received sequence number not being advanced with respect the first sequence number, whether the nonce is identical to one from among plural stored nonces, and send, responsive to the nonce being identical to the one stored nonce, a response to the authentication request which comprises as a synchronization failure token a dummy value which is not derived from the first sequence number.

This application provides a communication processing method and apparatus. The method includes: receiving, by a target node, a second message sent by a synchronization source node via at least one intermediate node, where the second message carries a receiving time of a first message from the target node at the synchronization source node and waiting time information of the first message at each of the at least one intermediate node; and determining, by the target node, a clock deviation between the target node and the synchronization source node based on a sending time of the first message at the target node and the second message.

A broadcasting method has been developed that no longer uses the point-to-point measurements that causes the bottlenecks due to the number of measurements that need to be taken increasing non-linearly with the number of nodes. In addition, not all nodes need to emit. This results in significantly less expensive devices that can be paired with emitting nodes in the infrastructure. The energy emitted by the group is lowered and there is significantly less bandwidth that is used compared to current systems. This system is designed to synchronize remote clocks and localize a group of nodes and comprises at least 4 ranging nodes equipped with a clock, the capability to send and receive messages, the capability to time-tag messages, the capability for the nodes to compute the two sheeted hyperboloids from the emissions of other nodes, and the capability of combining multiple hyperboloids to solve the localization equations.

The present invention relates to methods and arrangements that make it possible to control the delay for the UEs to access the EUL resources in the Enhanced Uplink in CELL_FACH state procedure, independently from the delay for the UEs to access ordinary UL resources in the RACH procedure. This is achieved by a solution where the timing of entering (or re-entering) a transmission procedure for Enhanced Uplink in CELL_FACH state is controlled with the help of a transmission control parameter defined specifically for this transmission procedure, instead of using the same parameter as for the RACH procedure.

A wireless communication apparatus includes (i) a wireless communicator capable of broadcasting an extended advertising packet having a large transmittable capacity and a compatible advertising packet having a transmittable capacity smaller than the extended advertising packet, and (ii) a processor. The wireless communicator periodically broadcasts the extended advertising packet based on a command from the processor. The processor sets offset information for acquiring of a time at which the extended advertising packet is receivable in an offset notification packet that is the compatible advertising packet, and broadcasts the offset notification packet via the wireless communicator. The offset information is set based on a transmission timing of the offset notification packet and a transmission timing of the extended advertising packet.