This application provides a clock state detection method and apparatus, applied to the field of communications technologies, to detect clock states of M base stations. The method includes: receiving detection results of M base stations, where the detection result of each of the M base stations is used to indicate whether the base station receives a detection sequence sent by each of N neighboring stations of the base station, the N neighboring stations belong to the M base stations, both M and N are integers greater than or equal to 1, and N is less than M; and determining clock states of the M base stations based on the detection results of the M base stations.

The user devices in managed networks, such as 5G and 6G networks, are required to adapt their uplink transmissions to the base station's resource grid, including the timing and frequency structure of the resource grid. Message-heavy legacy synchronization procedures can consume substantial resources. Therefore, a simpler, faster procedure is disclosed in which synchronization parameters are standardized where possible, timing signals are configured in minimal size where possible, and the user device collaborates with the base station to adjust the user device's clock setting, clock rate, timing advance (to match the base station's symbol boundaries), and Doppler correction (to match the base station's subcarrier frequency), without exchanging data messages other than very brief timing signals. Such ultra-lean synchronization procedures may enable low-complexity synchronization in future high-frequency communications.

Uplink messages in 5G and 6G are expected to arrive at the base station in alignment with the base station's resource grid, at the proper time and frequency. Disclosed are lean procedures and compact timing signals that can enable user devices to maintain synchronization with a base station's resource grid. Shaped timing signals are disclosed that, when measured by a receiver, can indicate whether the receiver's clock is synchronized with the transmitter's clock, or is in disagreement, and in which direction, and by how much. The receiver thereby determines the clock error by amplitude measurements only, since the timing signal is configured to convert the timing error into a readily determined amplitude value, which the receiver can quantify using normal amplitude-demodulation procedures. The receiver's amplitude resolution corresponds to the time resolution achievable. No special time-measurement signal processing is required. No synchronization messages or other legacy overhead are required.

A communication system includes a master communication device and slave communication devices. The master communication device obtains information indicative of communication characteristics. The communication system records a combination of the master communication device and at least one of the slave communication devices having a communication abnormality. The system finalizes an abnormal position where the abnormality is occurring when an abnormality-determined position is consistent with a recorded combination of the master communication device and the at least one of the slave communication devices having a communication abnormality.

According to one embodiment, an electronic apparatus controls an operation of a control target device. The electronic apparatus is configured to generate a first timing signal, to delay the first timing signal by a first time and to generate a second timing signal for defining a transmission timing of control data related to control of the operation of the control target device, to transmit a data signal including the control data based on the second timing signal, to receive the data signal and to generate a third timing signal for a notification of reception of the data signal, and, to generate a fourth timing signal indicating a control timing of the control target device based on the control data, based on the third timing signal.

A base station may transmit, to a first wireless device, a timing offset indicator indicating an offset, in slots, between a sidelink feedback resource and an uplink feedback resource. The base station may receive, from the first wireless device and in an uplink slot, a sidelink feedback report. A first sidelink feedback resource within a sidelink slot may be at a time indicated by the offset from a second sidelink feedback resource for a sidelink transport block transmitted by the first wireless device to a second wireless device. The uplink slot may overlap with the first sidelink feedback resource in time, and the uplink slot may be a last uplink feedback slot overlapping with the first sidelink feedback resource.

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for operating transceiver circuitry to transmit or receive signals on various frequency ranges. To do so, an electronic device may determine a receive delay between one or more messages received on different component carriers and may transmit the receive delay to a base station to update how communications are transmitted on one of the component carriers. The update made to at least one of the component carriers may compensate for the receive delay between the different component carriers. Compensating for the receive delay may improve operations that delay downlink communications to reduce a likelihood or stop simultaneous downlink and uplink communications by further adjusting for delays seen at an electronic device when communicating with base stations disposed at a different distances from the electronic device.

The present disclosure relates to methods and devices for wireless communication of an apparatus, e.g., a UE. In one aspect, the apparatus may determine whether a connection of a video call is interrupted, the video call including a plurality of decoded frames. The apparatus may also determine, if the connection of the video call is interrupted, whether one or more decoded frames of the plurality of decoded frames are suitable for artificial frame generation. The apparatus may also generate one or more artificial frames based on the one or more decoded frames and an audio feed from a transmitting device. Additionally, the apparatus may determine whether the one or more artificial frames are suitable for a facial model call. The apparatus may also establish a facial model call based on a combination of the one or more artificial frames and the audio feed from the transmitting device.

This application provides a synchronization signal sending method and receiving method, and an apparatus. In the method, a base station determines a frequency domain position of a target frequency resource based on a frequency interval of synchronization channels, wherein the frequency interval of synchronization channels is 2.sup.m times a predefined frequency resource of a physical resource block, and m is a preset nonnegative integer. The base station sends a synchronization signal by using the target frequency resource.

Method and system of wireless TDMA scheduling for industrial machine-to-machine communication, including propagation-delay-aware scheduling. A method of scheduling in a TDMA based communication system between a first node and a plurality of second nodes by means of a respective communication link. The method may comprise obtaining a propagation time for each communication link; and determining the largest difference in propagation times of two communication links. The method may further include selecting a first mode of scheduling if the largest difference is smaller than a threshold, and selecting a second mode of scheduling if the largest difference is larger than the threshold. The first mode includes selecting a guard time to be applied in each of the time slots, which guard time is based on the largest difference. The second mode is propagation-delay-aware and includes scheduling the transmission from each second node on the basis of the respective propagation time.