The present application provides a time synchronization method and an electronic device. The method includes sending a clock synchronization signal and first real time clock (RTC) information separately; and the clock synchronization signal is configured to measure a delay between a first module and at least one second module, the delay is used for phase compensation performed on the clock synchronization signal received at the side of the at least one second module, and the clock synchronization signal after being subjected to the phase compensation is configured to trigger the at least one second module to update local second RTC information to the first RTC information.

The present disclosure provides techniques for measuring and compensating for clock drift errors in time-aware networks and time-sensitive applications, where a time-aware system (TAS) measures clock drift, and compensates for the measured clock drift, and makes predictions of future clock drift values based on history and other physical measurements. Existing messages used for measuring link delay and/or used for time synchronization can be used for frequency measurement (and thus clock drift measurement), and this measured drift can be applied as a correction factor whenever synchronization is determined and/or used. The predicted clock drift rate can be based on various probability distributions including linear, Kalman filters, and/or others. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Logic to receive a first set of two or more timing management frames wherein one or more of the two or more timing management frames in the first set comprise a first adjusted follower clock value. Logic to calculate a second adjusted clock value. Logic to cause transmission of a second set of two or more timing management frames, wherein one or more of the two or more timing management frames in the second set comprise the second adjusted clock value. Logic to cause transmission of a first set of two or more acknowledgement frames. Logic to receive a second set of two or more acknowledgement frames. And logic to calculate a difference between the first adjusted follower clock value and the second adjusted clock value to determine a synchronization error, the synchronization error to represent a performance of the time synchronization.

A mechanism for repeatedly adjusting communication with a subject head-mounted device based on a changing real time environment of the subject head-mounted device. By utilizing information about the environment context in which the head-mounted device exists, the optimal parameters may be more quickly determined and with less power. The environment context may be generated from sensors on the head-mounted device itself, or from a proximate sensor device. Thus, the communication properties (such as which protocol to use and what parameters) may be quickly determined in time to be useful to maintain a good connection despite movement of the head-mounted device, and despite the connection being dropped and reestablished. Furthermore, limited battery power is more judiciously utilized.

A system includes at least a transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) node of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) including one or more non-terrestrial nodes (e.g., operating in earth orbit or extra-terrestrial space). Each node may include a communications interface with antenna elements and a controller, which may include one or more processors and have information of own-node velocity and own-node orientation relative to a common reference frame. Each node may be time synchronized to apply Doppler corrections associated with the node's own motions relative to the common reference frame. Based on the Doppler corrections, each node may determine a relative bearing to the other node. The non-terrestrial node is configured for operation on a non-terrestrial platform (e.g., a satellite in earth orbit), which may be an extra-terrestrial platform operating in spaceflight beyond the earth's atmosphere or in association with a non-Earth solar system object.

A system includes a transmitter node and a receiver node. Each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node are time synchronized to apply Doppler corrections associated with said node's own motions relative to a stationary common inertial reference frame. The stationary common inertial reference frame is known to the transmitter node and the receiver node prior to the transmitter node transmitting a plurality of signals to the receiver node and prior to the receiver node receiving the plurality of signals from the transmitter node. The receiver node performs adaptive digitization of the signals to account for a speed of the platform.

A small cell synchronization system uses multiple synchronization sources to obtain maximum performance and stability by utilizing all of the plurality of synchronization sources in a multiple small cell system having two or more different mobile communication small cells as one system and a control method thereof. The small cell synchronization system includes: an oscillator providing a system clock signal of a predetermined frequency; and a synchronization management module that collectively manages multiple synchronization sources, and determines the ‘synchronized PPS’ according to a result of comparing the ‘synchronized PPS’ with the PPS for each synchronization source using the system clock and provides it to each small cell along with the system clock.

A highly efficient distributed synchronization (DS) uses waveforms that can be easily detected by the receiver while possessing desirable LPI/LPD characteristics. Differentially encoding the synchronization pattern reduces receiver computation because signal detection search space is collapsed to a single dimension. Dissimilar bursts are used for synchronization to remove correlated energy between different sets, while maintaining the same differentially encoded pattern. The DS functions only as a whole and not as individual carriers or channels. No single carrier conveys any useful information. All cross-channel coherence required for proper alignment and subsequent detection of the distributed synchronization set of bursts is possible due to large transmission hardware IF bandwidth. The synchronization pattern is differentially encoded by randomly generating two sets of complex numbers that are the same size as the synchronization pattern where the point-wise product of the second set with the conjugate of the first set comprises the synchronization pattern.

An apparatus and method of a network entity in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus and method comprises: identifying a non-terrestrial network (NTN) type associated with an NTN; configuring a set of operational parameters for performing wireless communication based on the NTN type; identifying, based on a network configuration associated with the NTN, one or more interfaces to transmit information indicating the NTN type; and transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) or a network function (NF), the information indicating the NTN type via the identified one or more interfaces.

This application discloses a frequency compensation method and apparatus, to improve performance of frequency compensation. The method includes: determining a change rate of a Doppler frequency shift value based on a weighted change rate of a change rate of a timing advance TA, determining the Doppler frequency shift value based on the change rate of the Doppler frequency shift value, and performing frequency compensation based on the determined Doppler frequency shift value; or determining a frequency offset value based on the Doppler frequency shift value with reference to pre-compensation and based on a reference signal, to further determine a frequency offset value, and performing frequency compensation based on the frequency offset value.