A system is disclosed. The system may include a receiver or transmitter node. The receiver or transmitter node may include a communications interface with an antenna element and a controller. The controller may include one or more processors and have information of own node velocity and own node orientation relative to a common reference frame. The receiver or transmitter node may be time synchronized to apply Doppler corrections to signals, the Doppler corrections associated with the receiver or transmitter node's own motions relative to the common reference frame, the Doppler corrections applied using Doppler null steering along Null directions. The receiver node may comprise a correlator configured to process the signals which are based on the Doppler null steering.

A system is disclosed. The system may include a receiver or transmitter node. The receiver or transmitter node may include a communications interface with an antenna element. A controller may include one or more processors and have information of own node velocity and own node orientation relative to a common reference frame. The receiver or transmitter node may be time synchronized to apply Doppler corrections to signals, the Doppler corrections associated with the receiver or transmitter node's own motions relative to the common reference frame, the Doppler corrections applied using Doppler null steering along Null directions. The system may be configured to, via the Doppler null steering, flood a communication data packet to a destination node based on a spatial awareness. The system may limit the flooding to only be towards the destination node and/or for a maximum number of hops.

A system includes a transmitter node and a receiver node. Each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node include a communications interface and a controller operatively coupled to the communications interface. The controller includes one or more processors. Each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node are in motion relative to each other and to a common reference frame. Each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node are time synchronized to apply Doppler corrections associated with said node's own motions relative to the common reference frame. The receiver node is configured to determine a bearing and a range each between the receiver node and the transmitter node. The receiver node is automatically maintained within a formation relative to the transmitter node based on the bearing and range in the station keeping mode.

A wireless device (18) is configured for use in a wireless communication network (10), e.g., a non-terrestrial network. The wireless device (18) is configured to receive, from a network node (20) in the wireless communication network (10), signaling (22) that indicates reconfiguration of a beam (16) serving the wireless device (18). The wireless device (18) in some embodiments is also configured to, responsive to receiving the signaling (22), reacquire time and/or frequency synchronization for the beam (16), e.g., to account for the indicated reconfiguration of the beam (16).

The user devices in managed networks, such as 5G and 6G networks, are required to adapt their uplink transmissions to the base station’s resource grid, including the timing and frequency structure of the resource grid. Message-heavy legacy synchronization procedures can consume substantial resources. Therefore, a simpler, faster procedure is disclosed in which synchronization parameters are standardized where possible, timing signals are configured in minimal size where possible, and the user device collaborates with the base station to adjust the user device’s clock setting, clock rate, timing advance (to match the base station’s symbol boundaries), and Doppler correction (to match the base station’s subcarrier frequency), without exchanging data messages other than very brief timing signals. Such ultra-lean synchronization procedures may enable low-complexity synchronization in future high-frequency communications.

High-frequency communications in 5G and especially 6G will require precise synchronization of user devices with the base station, including periodically setting the user device clock time and clock rate to mitigate oscillator drift. The base station can assist user devices by periodically providing a timing signal containing a mid-symbol timestamp point, which is a signal that includes an abrupt change in phase or amplitude centered in the symbol-time. A receiver can analyze the timing signal and determine precisely the time of arrival of the timestamp point, and correct the receiver's clock to ensure that uplink messages will then arrive at the base station synchronized with the base station's resource grid. In addition, the base station can provide two timing signals in which the mid-symbol timestamp points are separated by a predetermined separation, thereby assisting the user devices in adjusting their clock rates.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE) including receiving a first reference signal (RS) from a first transmission reception point (TRP); receiving a second RS from a second TRP, wherein the first TRP and the second TRP are both associated with a BS; and transmitting, to the BS, an indication that one of a first shifted carrier frequency at which the first RS is received or a second shifted carrier frequency at which the second RS is received is preferred for use by the UE as a reference carrier frequency for demodulation.

Disclosed herein are a gateway-signaling method for frequency/timing offsets and an apparatus for the same. An apparatus for transmitting a broadcast signal according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a frequency/timing decision unit for determining a center frequency to which a frequency offset is applied using a carrier offset, which is identified using a timing and a management packet transmitted through a Studio-to-Transmitter Link (STL); and an RF signal generation unit for generating an RF signal to be transmitted, which corresponds to the center frequency.

A wireless device or network node determines an evaluation period that is common to at least a portion of reference signal resources in a set of reference signal resources that are transmitted by the network node, with at least one of the reference signal resources in the set being of a different type or configuration than another of the reference signal resources in the set.

Methods and apparatuses for determining asynchronization between a first clock used by a first node (N1) and a second clock used by a second node (N2). A sequence of time differences is measured based on a sequence of signals periodically sent by the second node (N2) and received by the first node (N1), wherein each time difference of a signal is between a respective transmission timestamp in accordance with the second clock and a respective receiving timestamp in accordance with the first clock; and at least one of a relative phase offset or a relative frequency offset between the first and the second clock is estimated based on the sequence of time differences.