Aspects of the present disclosure provide synchronization techniques for user equipment (UEs) that may be otherwise unable to support sidelink communication a synchronized UE and may have also lost global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and/or Evolved Node Base Stations (eNBs) as a synchronization source. In such instance, the unsynchronized UE may utilize reference signals (RS) from the data packets received from other UEs to track the timing and perform autonomous timing adjustments based thereon for synchronized packet transmission or reception.

The disclosure relates to a solar module, which includes a plurality of solar cells which are interconnected to generate a direct-voltage power at module terminals, and a receiving unit for receiving an accurate time signal. The solar module further includes a communication unit for the synchronous transmission of the received accurate time signal to an inverter. The inverter is connected to the solar module by means of direct-voltage lines. The disclosure also relates to an assembly that can be integrated into a solar module, and to an energy generation system having a solar module of this type.

A method and apparatus for handling of missing reference signal on unlicensed frequency in a wireless communication system is provided. The upper layer of the wireless device receives, from a lower layer of the wireless device, a first indication related to a first reference signal from a network, wherein the first indication is one of In-Sync (IS) indication or Out-of-Sync (OOS) indication. The upper layer of the wireless device starts a timer. The upper layer of the wireless device receives, from the lower layer of the wireless device, a second indication while the timer is running, wherein the second indication informs that a second reference signal from the network is missing. The upper layer of the wireless device increases a counter related to the first indication upon receiving the second indication.

This disclosure relates to methods, devices, and systems for wireless communications, and more particularly uplink reference signal repetition for non-terrestrial networks. A user terminal in a non-terrestrial network may identify an uplink reference signal format that includes a comb-based pattern of subcarriers within a first orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol and within a second OFDM symbol for transmission of an uplink reference signal. The user terminal may map the uplink reference signal to a first set of subcarriers within the first OFDM symbol and to a second set of subcarriers within the second OFDM symbol in accordance with the comb-based pattern. Thereby, the user terminal may transmit, to a base station in the non-terrestrial network, the uplink reference signal on the mapped subcarriers of the OFDM symbols, which may be transmitted coherently.

A mobile device may receive a plurality of timestamps, wherein the plurality of timestamps indicate sending and receiving time for ranging packets and response packets. The mobile device may calculate a responder turn-around time as a first difference between the second time and the first time. The mobile device may calculate a responding round trip time as a second difference between the second time and the third time. The mobile device may receive from the electronic device an initiator turn-around time and an initiator round trip time. The mobile device may calculate a frequency offset for the wireless protocol using the responder turn-around time, the responding round trip time, the initiator turn-around time, and the initiator round trip time. The mobile device may compare an observed frequency offset to the calculated frequency offset to determine a frequency offset difference and whether it exceeds a threshold, adjusting a ranging measurement.

In examples, an electronic device comprises a transceiver and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor is configured to synchronize a clock of the electronic device to a clock of another electronic device using elapsed time indications in multiple packets received from the another electronic device via the transceiver. The processor is configured to transmit a packet via the transceiver using the synchronized clock of the electronic device.

Disclosed are a device and method for realizing data synchronization. The device may include a synchronization circuit for a plurality of radio frequency (RF) chips, configured to realize work clock synchronization among the plurality of RF chips; and/or, a synchronization circuit for a plurality of channels in a single chip, configured to realize data synchronization among the plurality of channels in the single chip.

The present disclosure discloses an example communication method and device. One example communication method includes detecting first downlink control information (DCI) by a terminal device. It is determined, by the terminal device and based on a detection result of the first DCI, whether to receive a reference signal, where the reference signal is used by the terminal device to perform time and frequency synchronization with a network device, and the detection result of the first DCI is further used to indicate whether to detect a first downlink control channel within a first time period.

A device may selectively listen for a tracking reference signal (TRS) during connected mode discontinuous reception (CDRx) based on whether the device is to switch between repeaters of a base station (such as during travel). A device may determine whether the device is in a high speed train (HST) scenario (such as based on a difference in frequency errors generated using a synchronization signal block (SSB) and generated using a TRS, based on a trajectory of a frequency error or a frequency error difference over time, based on instantaneous frequency errors, etc.). When the device is in a HST scenario, the device listens for a TRS during CDRx, and the device generates a frequency error using the TRS. When the device is not in a HST scenario, the device prevents listening for a TRS during CDRx (with a SSB received during CDRx to be used to generate a frequency error).

Methods, apparatuses, and computer programs are provided for propagation delay compensation. A method for a UE includes receiving a configuration to provide a propagation delay notification for a propagation delay estimation; determining when the notification should be transmitted; transmitting the propagation delay notification; and determining a corresponding action based on the configuration of a relation between uplink reference signals and downlink reference signals. Methods are also provided for a radio node such as a base station.