A SW used in the time transmission system in which a master node and a slave node perform transmission and reception of a precision time protocol (PTP) packet via the SW and the time of the master node is synchronized based on time information of the transmission and reception includes a delay calculator that measures an intra-device delay between input and output of the PTP packet to and from the SW, and a delay information writing unit that appends the intra-device delay measured by the delay calculator to a packet subsequent to the PTP packet, and outputs the appended packet to an output destination of the PTP packet.

An aspect of the present disclosure provides a method by a user device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration information; performing listen-to-talk (LBT) for an unlicensed band; on the basis of the PRS configuration information, transmitting a first PRS to an anchor node (AN) on a channel in an idle state according to the LBT, among multiple channels included in the unlicensed band; and on the basis of the PRS configuration information, receiving a second PRS from the AN on the channel, wherein the first PRS is transmitted immediately after the LBT is performed.

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology exploits modulated coded impulses over a wide frequency spectrum with very low power over a short distance for digital data transmission. Such UWB systems through their receivers may operate in the presence of interfering signals and should provide for robust communications. Accordingly, an accurate and sharp filter that operates at low power is required and beneficially one that does not require a highly accurate power heavy clock. Further, many UWB applications require location and/or range finding of other elements and it would therefore be beneficial to provide a UWB based range finding and/or location capability removing the requirement to add additional device complexity and, typically significant, power consumption.

According to some embodiments, a method performed by a wireless device for handover in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) from a source cell to a target cell comprises receiving a conditional handover configuration for one or more potential target cells. The conditional handover configuration comprises a condition for handover comprising a timing advance threshold value for each of the one or more potential target cells. The method further comprises determining that a timing advance between the wireless device and one of the one or more potential target cells is less than or equal to the timing advance threshold and based on the determination, performing a handover to the target cell.

This application provides a communication method and a communications apparatus. The communication method includes: determining, by a transmit end device, a first moment, where the first moment is a moment when a receive end device needs to deliver first data to an upper layer of a communications protocol layer of the receive end device; and sending, by the transmit end device, first indication information and the first data, where the first information is used to instruct the receive end device to deliver the first data to the upper layer of the communications protocol layer of the receive end device at the first moment. The receive end device can be supported in determining the first moment based on the first indication information and delivering the first data to the upper layer of the communications protocol layer at the first moment.

A method and multimedia device for calibrating audio delays of an audio system with wireless loudspeakers are disclosed. The method allows to emulate surround or 3D sound systems with spatially distributed wireless loudspeakers. A first probe signal for audio playback, having a first audio pattern, is transmitted by a loudspeaker. A signal quality is determined by listening to an acoustic response of the loudspeaker to the first probe signal. A second audio pattern is determined by modifying the first audio pattern based on the signal quality. A second probe signal for audio playback having the second audio pattern is transmitted by the loudspeaker. An audio delay compensation is then determined for the loudspeaker based on a measure of an audio delay between the transmitted second probe signal and an acoustic response of the loudspeaker in response to the second probe signal.

An outdoor device of a timing system includes a receiver for receiving clock information from a satellite system, a processing system for running master functionality of a clock synchronization protocol to transfer the clock information to an indoor device of the timing system, and a transceiver for transferring data between the outdoor device and the indoor device. A memory device stores a fixed delay value estimating a time delay from a reception moment of a request message related to the clock synchronization protocol to a transmission moment of a reply message. There is no need to compute a difference between clock times corresponding to the reception moment and the transmission moment because the fixed delay value is used in lieu of the difference in the clock synchronization protocol. Thus, quality requirements related to an oscillator of the outdoor device can be mitigated.

In order to perform small data transmission during an RRC INACTIVE mode, a UE may need to determine whether the stored timing advance (TA) is valid. A TA may be valid if its usage would result in an uplink transmission arriving at a TRP of a base station during a time period during which the base station expects to receive uplink transmission. A UE may determine that a TA is valid based on a received fraction of the length of a cyclic prefix and observed SSB time shift.

A user equipment (UE) executes a time synchronization method. The UE transmits a synchronization-specific uplink signal and receives a synchronization-specific downlink signal in response to the synchronization-specific uplink signal. The synchronization-specific uplink signal may comprise a dedicated preamble for propagation-delay-related signaling associated with at least one of timing advance (TA), propagation delay (PD), and propagation delay compensation (PDC) between the UE and a serving base station of the UE.

A base station which is a node device that has a function of synchronizing with a node device as a communication counterpart performs: transmitting a signal to the node device that is the communication counterpart; receiving a signal from the node device that is the communication counterpart; detecting a timing difference between the node device and the node device as a communication counterpart using a transmission timing and a reception timing; storing weight information of each of a plurality of the node devices; calculating a timing correction amount obtained by performing weighted averaging of the timing difference on the basis of weight information of the node device that is the communication counterpart; and adjusting the transmission timing using the timing correction amount.