A test device determines error in a fronthaul network of a radio access network. A first Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver receives GNSS signals from a GNSS satellite through a reference GNSS signal distribution system (GSDS) having a known signal propagation delay. The first GNSS receiver calculates and outputs a corresponding reference One Pulse Per Second (1 PPS) signal. A second GNSS receiver receives the GNSS signals through a device under test including a GSDS having an unknown signal propagation delay. The second GNSS receiver calculates and outputs a corresponding DUT 1 PPS signal. The test device determines the unknown signal propagation delay of the DUT by comparing the reference 1 PPS signal to the DUT 1 PPS signal.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided, comprising: a communication unit configured to execute a time-of-flight ranging session with an external communication counterpart; a clock offset measurement unit configured to measure a frequency offset of a device clock, wherein said device clock is configured to be used by the communication unit when said ranging session is executed; a processing unit configured to determine whether the measured frequency offset of the device clock has a predefined correlation with a frequency offset of a counterpart clock, wherein said counterpart clock is configured to be used by the external communication counterpart when said ranging session is executed. In accordance with a second aspect of the present disclosure, a corresponding method of operating a communication device is conceived. In accordance with a third aspect of the present disclosure, a corresponding computer program is provided.

Systems and apparatuses for determining location of a wireless arbitrary device are disclosed herein. In one example, a computer implemented method for localization of a wireless arbitrary device in a wireless network architecture comprises initializing the wireless network architecture having a plurality of wireless anchor nodes and a plurality of wireless sensor nodes. The method further includes preparing, with the plurality of wireless anchor nodes, for localization of the wireless arbitrary device, waiting to receive a packet from the wireless arbitrary device, receiving a communication including a packet from the wireless arbitrary device, and transmitting a communication including a synchronization packet to other anchor nodes of the plurality of wireless anchor nodes.

The embodiments are an aircraft time synchronization system and method. The system comprises: a first communication module and a second communication module, wherein data transmission is performed between the first communication module and the second communication module via a communication line, and an I/O interface of the first communication module is connected to the I/O interface of the second communication module via an interruption signal line; the first communication module sends the data information to the second communication module via the communication line, and at the same time sends the triggered interruption signal to the second communication module via the interruption signal line; the second communication module performs time synchronization with the first communication module based on the communication time difference and system time difference with the first communication module determined according to the receiving time of the data information and interruption signal and the sending time.

A timing advance indication method, a base station, a terminal and a device are provided. The method includes: transmitting subcarrier spacing configuration information of a physical uplink shared channel and/or a physical uplink control channel to a terminal; receiving a preamble fed back by the terminal based on subcarrier spacing configuration information; obtaining a quantized value of a timing advance corresponding to a tracking area based on the preamble; and transmitting the quantized value of the timing advance to the terminal.

Example channel measurement methods and a communication apparatus are described. One example method include receiving a precoded reference signal and indication information by a terminal device, where the indication information is used to indicate a relative delay between a first delay and a second delay, and the first delay and the second delay are determined through uplink channel measurement. The terminal device performs channel measurement based on the precoded reference signal and the indication information.

The present disclosure provides a cell measurement method and apparatus, and a device and a storage medium. The method includes: receiving a first measurement configuration, the first measurement configuration including a frequency point to be measured, first configuration information of a first measurement window corresponding to said frequency point, and a whitelist neighbors list, as well as a first starting time offset corresponding to neighbor cells in the whitelist neighbors list; determining a synchronizing signal block (SSB) receiving window corresponding to the neighbor cells in the whitelist neighbors list according to the first configuration information of the first measurement window corresponding to said frequency point and the first starting time offset corresponding to the neighbor cells in the whitelist neighbors list; and measuring each neighbor cell in the whitelist neighbors list based on the SSB receiving window corresponding to the neighbor cells in the whitelist neighbors list.

A user equipment (UE) executes a time synchronization method. The UE transmits a synchronization-specific uplink signal and receives a synchronization-specific downlink signal in response to the synchronization-specific uplink signal. The synchronization-specific uplink signal may comprise a dedicated preamble for propagation-delay-related signaling associated with at least one of timing advance (TA), propagation delay (PD), and propagation delay compensation (PDC) between the UE and a serving base station of the UE.

Aspects of the disclosure provide apparatuses and methods for wireless communications. One apparatus includes processing circuitry that selects one or more first available radio link monitoring reference signal (RLM-RS) samples from a plurality of received RLM-RS samples based on signal qualities of the one or more first available RLM-RS samples. The one or more first available RLM-RS samples are received within a first evaluation period. The processing circuitry determines whether a total number of the one or more first available RLM-RS samples is less than a target number. When the total number of the one or more first available RLM-RS samples is determined to be less than the target number, the processing circuitry determines a second evaluation period that is greater than the first evaluation period, and performs an RLM procedure in an unlicensed band within the second evaluation period.

A test device determines error in a fronthaul network of a radio access network. A first Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver receives GNSS signals from a GNSS satellite through a reference GNSS signal distribution system (GSDS) having a known signal propagation delay. The first GNSS receiver calculates and outputs a corresponding reference One Pulse Per Second (1 PPS) signal. A second GNSS receiver receives the GNSS signals through a device under test including a GSDS having an unknown signal propagation delay. The second GNSS receiver calculates and outputs a corresponding DUT 1 PPS signal. The test device determines the unknown signal propagation delay of the DUT by comparing the reference 1 PPS signal to the DUT 1 PPS signal.