An example system comprising a first transceiver configured to receive a request airframe from a second transceiver over a wireless link, the request airframe including a first time indication indicating a first time TS1, a second time indication indicating a second time TS2 that the request airframe was received, generate a respond airframe and including a third time indication indicating a third time TS3 that the respond airframe is transmitted to the second transceiver, transmit the respond airframe to the second transceiver, provide a timestamp information request to second transceiver, receive a timestamp information response, the timestamp information response including a fourth time indication indicating a fourth time TS4, calculate a counter offset using the first time, second time, third time and fourth time as follows:

[00001]$\mathrm{counter}\mathrm{offset}=\frac{\left(\mathrm{TS}1+\mathrm{TS}4-\mathrm{TS}3-\mathrm{TS}2\right)}{2},$

calculate a phase offset based on the counter offset, and correct a phase of the first transceiver.

An appropriate MAC Control Element (CE) operation start timing control process is realized in an NTN system. A terminal 100 comprises: a wireless reception unit 106 that receives a MAC CE and an offset value (K.sub.MAC_ACTION, etc.).sub.; and a control unit 110 that, on the basis of the offset value, sets a slot for starting an operation based on a MAC CE control command.

Accurate and reliable time is acquired by a user equipment (UE) from a base station in a wireless network. The base station may obtain the time, e.g., UTC time or a GNSS time, and ciphers at least a portion of the time before broadcasting the time. The UE determines a propagation delay between the UE and the base station based on a timing advance, known locations of the UE and the base station, or a measured round trip propagation time (RTT) between the UE and the base station. A corrected time can be determined based on the time received from the base station and the propagation delay. A digital signature included with the time broadcast by the base station increases reliability. Spoofing of the broadcast time by an attacking device may be detected by the UE based on the propagation delay being outside an expected range.

The present invention relates to a method carried out by a user equipment in a wireless communication system and a device supporting same and, more particularly, to a method and a device supporting same, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining a first reference time related to the transmission of a first reference signal (RS) for positioning; determining a compensation value on the basis of the difference between the first reference time and an uplink transmission timing which is obtained from a timing advance (TA) and a downlink reception timing; and transmitting the first RS on the basis of the compensation value.

A test device determines time error in a fronthaul network of a radio access network. A first Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver receives GNSS signals from a GNSS satellite through a reference GNSS signal distribution system (GSDS) having a known signal propagation delay. The first GNSS receiver calculates and outputs a corresponding reference One Pulse Per Second (1PPS) signal. A second GNSS receiver receives the GNSS signals through a device under test including a GSDS having an unknown signal propagation delay. The second GNSS receiver calculates and outputs a corresponding DUT 1PPS signal. The test device determines the unknown signal propagation delay of the DUT by comparing the reference 1PPS signal to the DUT 1PPS signal.

Techniques are provided for reducing signaling latency in multi-link devices (MLDs). An example method of providing latency sensitive information with a MLD includes receiving downlink data packets from a station via a first radio link, performing radio frequency sensing with a second radio link, detecting a latency sensitive event, and transmitting an indication of the latency sensitive event.

A mobile station device that receives control information having a downlink control information format and addressed by a Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier on a physical downlink control channel from a base station device. The mobile station device also transmits a random access preamble using a random access channel to the base station device based on receiving the control information which provides a random access order. The downlink control information format includes a first field for downlink resource assignment. In a first case that the downlink control information form at is used for the random access order, a fixed value is set to the first field, while in a second case in which the downlink control information format is used for downlink scheduling, a first value different from the fixed value is set to the first field.

Techniques are provided for combining positioning reference signal (PRS) measurements coherently or non-coherently. An example method for combining positioning reference signal resources includes receiving a plurality of positioning reference signals associated with a positioning reference signal resource set or a transmission/reception point, coherently combining resource elements for two or more of the plurality of positioning reference signals received within a period of time, and non-coherently combining resource elements for two or more of the plurality of positioning reference signals received outside of the period of time.

An example system comprising a first transceiver configured to receive a request airframe from a second transceiver over a wireless link, the request airframe including a first time indication indicating a first time TS1, a second time indication indicating a second time TS2 that the request airframe was received, generate a respond airframe and including a third time indication indicating a third time TS3 that the respond airframe is transmitted to the second transceiver, transmit the respond airframe to the second transceiver, provide a timestamp information request to second transceiver, receive a timestamp information response, the timestamp information response including a fourth time indication indicating a fourth time TS4, calculate a counter offset using the first time, second time, third time and fourth time as follows: $\mathrm{counter}\mathrm{offset}=\frac{\left(\mathrm{TS}1+\mathrm{TS}4-\mathrm{TS}3-\mathrm{TS}2\right)}{2},$
calculate a phase offset based on the counter offset, and correct a phase of the first transceiver.

An apparatus to be controlled (40) is remotely controlled by a remote-control apparatus (10) through a wirelessly-connected communication network (20). The apparatuses (40) includes a delay measurement unit (403) configured to measure a communication delay, a logarithmic conversion unit (406A) configured to logarithmically convert the communication delay, a smoothing unit (406B) configured to smooth the communication delay, a radio-wave index value measurement unit (404) configured to measure a radio-wave index value, a model learning unit (406C) configured to generate a learning model, a communication delay estimation unit (407) configured to calculate an estimated communication delay value by using the learning model and the radio-wave index value, and a speed determination unit (408A) configured to calculate a second operation amount to be input to a drive unit (408B), based on the estimated communication delay value and a first operation amount input from the remote control apparatus (10).