[Problem] An object is to obtain a time quality of another GM with high accuracy on the basis of a GM a time quality of which is known already. [Solution] A first TC 20 includes a time comparison unit 23 that calculates time difference information by comparing first time information of a first PTP processing unit 12 and second time information of a second PTP processing unit 22 with each other. In addition, a quality calculation device 5 measures time difference information until time difference information obtained by a time comparison unit 23 of the first TC 20 and time difference information obtained by a time comparison unit 43 of a second TC 40 match each other, and obtains a GM time quality of a second GM 30 on the basis of a transmission time error of the time transmission network 2 at a timing when both of pieces of the time difference information match each other.

Proposed is a signal transmission method performed in a wireless communication system by an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, the method being characterized by comprising: receiving first information about a first timing and second information about a second timing; and transmitting a first signal and a second signal to a parent node of the IAB node, wherein the first signal is transmitted on a first resource, and the second signal is transmitted on a second resource. The first resource is a time resource to which the first timing is applied, and the second resource is a time resource to which the second timing is applied.

Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a method and a network device (200) for configuring an end-to-end data path in a transport network (1000). The method includes computing at least one feasible data path between network nodes (800a-800r). The network nodes (800a-800r) are a part of different clock chains and relative to different grandmaster clocks for at least one time and latency-sensitive service. The at least one feasible data path is associated with a time synchronization protocol. Further, the method includes computing an E2E synchronization matrix for each of the at least one feasible data path based on a time and synchronization QoS parameter. The time and synchronization QoS parameter include a time error, a phase delay, a jitter, and a frequency offset observed on each network node (800a-800r) in a centralized controller.

A synchronization correction method, a master device, and a slave device are provided. The method includes: transmitting a synchronization signal frame to a slave device during a first period of an i.sup.th second, where the synchronization signal frame includes a synchronization header, a first pulse per second (1PPS) signal, first time of date information, and first phase compensation information, where the first phase compensation information is configured to request the slave device to correct a transmission time point at which a first reference 1PPS signal is transmitted during a second period of the i.sup.th second; receiving the first reference 1PPS signal from the slave device during the second period of the i.sup.th second; and determining second phase compensation information transmitted to the slave device according to a receiving time point at which the first reference 1PPS signal is received during a first period of an (i+1).sup.th second.

Apparatuses and methods for monitoring network timing are disclosed. A method comprises storing (300) information on a reference propagation delay between the apparatus and one or more radio access nodes, controlling (302) reception of a reference signal from one or more radio access nodes, the reference signal comprising information on the transmission time instant of the signal, determining (304) the reception time instant of the reference signal, determining (306) the propagation delay of the reference signal based on the time difference of the reception time instant and the transmission time instant, and determining (308) correctness of time references of the apparatus and the one or more radio access nodes based on the determined and stored propagation delays.

A method performed by a system of a wireless communication network is disclosed. The method relates to provisioning of a time-sensitive service related to a wireless device. The wireless communication network comprises a plurality of antenna reference points, ARPs, of one or more radio access network nodes of the wireless communication network. The method comprises obtaining information that a first ARP and a second ARP of the plurality of ARPs are to provide the time-sensitive service to the wireless device, determining, by inter-ARP radio signalling between ARPs of one or more pairs of the plurality of ARPs, one of the one or more pairs including the first ARP and one of the one or more pairs including the second ARP, a relative timing error between the first ARP and the second ARP, and taking the determined relative timing error into consideration when providing the service to the wireless device.

A station (STA) affiliated with a non-simultaneous-transmission-and-reception (NSTR) multi-link device (MLD) obtains a transmission opportunity (TXOP) on a first link of an NSTR link pair as a TXOP initiator while a medium synchronization delay timer of the STA is non-zero. STA determines that an intended TXOP responder has lost medium synchronization. The STA then transmits a control frame as an initial frame in the TXOP to the intended TXOP responder on the first link responsive to the determining.

Techniques are provided for signaling timing error group (TEG) updates for positioning. An example for providing reference signal measurement values with a mobile device incudes measuring one or more reference signals, determining a timing error change associated with one or more reference signal measurement values, and transmitting the one or more reference signal measurement values and an indication of the timing error change.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive, from a source node in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) providing an NTN cell, measurement reference information regarding one or more measurements, wherein the measurement reference information includes association information including a group identifier for the one or more measurements. The UE may communicate in the NTN cell in accordance with the measurement reference information. Numerous other aspects are described.

Systems and techniques are described for detecting one or more timing errors. For example, a system can receive, from a navigation system, navigation timestamp information at a first instance and a second instance. The system can determine a navigation system time difference based on the navigation timestamp information at the first instance and the second instance. The system can further receive, from a wireless device, network timestamp information at the first instance and the second instance. The system can determine a network time difference based on the network timestamp information at the first instance and the second instance. The system can further determine whether time reporting by the navigation system is correct based on the navigation system time difference and the network time difference.