Systems and methods are provided for an improved tracking area update(TAU) procedure for minimizing service interruptions for wireless devices. In embodiments herein, wireless devices set a delay timer upon experiencing a triggering event. Upon termination of the triggering event, the wireless devices are able to complete the TAU procedure if the delay timer has not yet expired.

Systems and methods are provided for an improved tracking area update(TAU) procedure for minimizing service interruptions for wireless devices. In embodiments herein, wireless devices set a delay timer upon experiencing a triggering event. Upon termination of the triggering event, the wireless devices are able to complete the TAU procedure if the delay timer has not yet expired.

A method of handling UE Route Selection Policy (URSP) rules received from a non-subscribed Stand-alone Non-public Network (SNPN) registered using credentials from a credentials holder (CH) is provided. UE may be pre-configured with URSP rules by UE home network or UE may first registers to a home network and obtain signaled URSP rules from the home network. Later on, UE may register to a non-subscribed SNPN using credentials from a CH. Before establishing a PDU session, UE checks the corresponding URSP rules that can be used in the SNPN. If UE is signaled with URSP rules by the registered non-subscribed SNPN, then UE can use URSP rules in the following priority order: 1) URSP rules signaled from the non-subscribed SNPN, 2) URSP rules signaled from the home network, and 3) URSP rules pre-configured by the home network.

A method of handling UE Route Selection Policy (URSP) rules received from a non-subscribed Stand-alone Non-public Network (SNPN) registered using credentials from a credentials holder (CH) is provided. UE may be pre-configured with URSP rules by UE home network or UE may first registers to a home network and obtain signaled URSP rules from the home network. Later on, UE may register to a non-subscribed SNPN using credentials from a CH. Before establishing a PDU session, UE checks the corresponding URSP rules that can be used in the SNPN. If UE is signaled with URSP rules by the registered non-subscribed SNPN, then UE can use URSP rules in the following priority order: 1) URSP rules signaled from the non-subscribed SNPN, 2) URSP rules signaled from the home network, and 3) URSP rules pre-configured by the home network.

Authentication in a public land mobile network, PLMN, having tenant slices is performed by a network element that has: a memory comprising program code; a communication circuitry for communication with entities in the PLMN; and a processing circuitry configured to execute the program code and according to the program code to cause: detecting a registration request from a mobile communication device, MCDt; detecting whether the registration request requests access to a network slice with one-tier authentication with the network slice, and: if yes, causing beginning of authenticating the MCDt with the network slice independently of any authentication between the MCDt and the PLMN.

This application provides a method, an apparatus, and a system for sending a terminal policy. After determining that a terminal is not reachable, a mobility management network element may send, to a visited policy control function network element, a notification indicating that a first message fails to be forwarded. The visited policy control function network element may determine, based on the notification, a first PTI allocated by a home policy control function network element to a first policy, and send, to the home policy control function network element, both the first PTI and the indication indicating that the first message fails to be forwarded, to notify the home policy control function network element.

This application provides a method, an apparatus, and a system for sending a terminal policy. After determining that a terminal is not reachable, a mobility management network element may send, to a visited policy control function network element, a notification indicating that a first message fails to be forwarded. The visited policy control function network element may determine, based on the notification, a first PTI allocated by a home policy control function network element to a first policy, and send, to the home policy control function network element, both the first PTI and the indication indicating that the first message fails to be forwarded, to notify the home policy control function network element.

An electronic device with a primary functionality and a tracking functionality can be used in a centralized tracking system. A controller configures the electronic device to operate in one of a set of: an “on” mode, an “off” mode, a first standby mode, and a tracking standby mode. While configured to operate in the “on” mode, the primary and tracking functionality of the electronic device are enabled, and while configured to operate in the “off” mode, both are disabled. While configured to operate in the first standby mode, the tracking functionality is enabled and the primary functionality is limited. While configured to operate in the tracking standby mode, the primary functionality is disabled but the tracking functionality is enabled, enabling the electronic device to be located while the primary functionality is disabled and saving power relative to the first standby mode and the “on” mode.

Blockchain technology is used to provide distributed authentication, entitlements and trust among different virtual Radio Access Network (vRAN) elements. An enterprise blockchain with interfaces enables multi-vendor vRAN deployment across multiple service providers. In another embodiment, a method is provided for authenticating entities in a virtualized radio access network to ensure various entitles are in fact entitled to participate in various radio access network operations.

A method for an interconnection functionality between a first mobile communication network and a second mobile communication network includes: associating or assigning private identifier information to specific public land mobile network (PLMN) identifier information related to the second mobile communication network; and in respect of signalling messages and/or data traffic packets that are to be routed or to be addressed or to be processed, providing for or supporting, by a network identifier and number translating functionality, a replacement and/or a translation, in both directions, between the private identifier information and the specific PLMN identifier information related to the second mobile communication network.