The present disclosure relates to paging methods and apparatus. One example method is applied to a first access network device. The first access network device belongs to a first network, a second access network device belongs to a second network, and the first network may be different from the second network. When UE accesses the first network and downlink data of the second network arrives, the UE may receive the data of the second network. The first access network device receives downlink data of a terminal from a first core network device, where the first core network device belongs to the first network.

A method for allowing a user equipment (UE) to respond cellular network signalling over a non-cellular radio access network. The UE initiates a service request procedure for a cellular network service and receives a service reject message in response. The UE enters an inactive state over a non-cellular radio access. Upon receiving an indication through cellular network signalling indicating that a set of downlink data are available for transmission to the UE, the UE responds to the indication over the non-cellular radio access by initiating another service request procedure that activates the non-cellular radio access, enters an active state of the UE over the non-cellular radio access, and receives the set of downlink data through user plane or connection of the non-cellular radio access.

This application provides a communication method and apparatus, to help resolve a paging conflict problem in a terminal device that supports a plurality of subscriber identity modules. The method includes: A terminal device sends, to a network side device, information indicating that a first user identity of the terminal device and a second user identity of the terminal device are associated with the terminal device; and the terminal device receives, by using the first user identity, paging information corresponding to the second user identity of the terminal device. In the method, the terminal device receives a paging-related message or paging-related information in a cell corresponding to a single user identity, to monitor paging information of a plurality of user identities of the terminal device, so that the plurality of user identities of the terminal device can be effectively paged.

When a connection to a cellular communication network 302 is established, in a case of a connection to a cellular communication network 303 is performed, a disconnection from the cellular communication network 302 is performed and communication in the cellular communication network 303 is performed in a case where communication in the cellular communication network 303 can be performed using subscriber information of the cellular communication network 302, and the communication is performed also in the cellular communication network 303 while maintaining connection to the cellular communication network 302 in a case where communication in the cellular communication network 303 cannot be performed using the subscriber information of the cellular communication network 302.

Disclosed is a method for providing, by a terminal, a communication service in a wireless communication system, the method including: transmitting, to a first network, a first request message for receiving paging of a second network; receiving, from the first network, a first response message as a response to the first request message; and monitoring the second network or switching to the second network to receive the paging from the second network based on the first response message, in which the terminal may be in a registered state in relation to the first network and the second network, and in a connected state in relation to the first network.

Provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure are a paging method, a network device, and a terminal device. The method includes when a second network device determines that downlink data of a terminal device arrives, a first network device sending a first paging message to the terminal device. The first paging message is used to page the terminal device for the second network device. The first network device is a network device in a first network, the second network device is a network device in a second network, and the first network and the second network are different networks among a plurality of networks registered by the terminal device.

Provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure are a paging method, a network device, and a terminal device. The method includes when a second network device determines that downlink data of a terminal device arrives, a first network device sending a first paging message to the terminal device. The first paging message is used to page the terminal device for the second network device. The first network device is a network device in a first network, the second network device is a network device in a second network, and the first network and the second network are different networks among a plurality of networks registered by the terminal device.

A method is provided for relaying Public Warning System (PWS) messages. The method includes a communications device receiving a PWS message over a first communication technology. The method also includes the communications device relaying all or part of the PWS message over a second communication technology, wherein the second communication technology is different than the first communication technology.

A method is provided for relaying Public Warning System (PWS) messages. The method includes a communications device receiving a PWS message over a first communication technology. The method also includes the communications device relaying all or part of the PWS message over a second communication technology, wherein the second communication technology is different than the first communication technology.

Some embodiments of this disclosure include systems, apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable media for use in a wireless network for operating eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication) user equipment (UE) and/or NB-IoT UEs when connected to a 5G Core Network (5GCN). For example, some embodiments are directed to a user equipment (UE). The UE includes processor circuitry and radio front circuitry. The processor circuitry can be configured to receive, using the radio front end circuitry and from a Non-Access Stratum layer (NAS) of a cell, an indication to use a 5G Core Network (5GCN) for the cell. The processor circuitry can be further configured to transmit, using the radio front end, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection request in response to the indication to use the 5GCN.