Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for random access. The method which may be performed by a network node comprises determining configuration information for a contention free preamble in a random access occasion, based at least in part on mapping between synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel blocks and preambles for two-step random access in the random access occasion. The contention free preamble is applicable for the two-step random access. The method further comprises transmitting the configuration information to a terminal device. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, an association between signaling transmissions in a two-step random access procedure can be configured flexibly and efficiently.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a beam failure recovery method, a terminal, and a network device, where the beam failure recovery method includes: measuring a BFD RS; where the BFD RS corresponds to a plurality of pieces of first object information, and the first object information includes at least one of the following: a TRP identifier, CORESETPoolIndex information, a group identifier, a cell identity, and a PCI; determining a target event based on a measurement result of the BFD RS; and sending BFRQ information.

Wireless communications systems and methods related to automatic frequency coordination (AFC) for spectrum sharing among multiple network operating entities are provided. A first wireless communication device transmits, to a spectrum access coordination entity, a spectrum access request. The first wireless communication device receives, from the spectrum access coordination entity in response to the spectrum access request, a configuration including at least a medium access protocol parameter for performing a medium access procedure in a spectrum shared by a plurality of network operating entities.

Wireless communications systems and methods related to automatic frequency coordination (AFC) for spectrum sharing among multiple network operating entities are provided. A first wireless communication device transmits, to a spectrum access coordination entity, a spectrum access request. The first wireless communication device receives, from the spectrum access coordination entity in response to the spectrum access request, a configuration including at least a medium access protocol parameter for performing a medium access procedure in a spectrum shared by a plurality of network operating entities.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatuses for a beam-based channel access countdown procedure. In one aspect, a channel sensing beam may be permitted to include one or more transmit beams and, thus, may differ from a transmit beam that is to be used for a transmission. As such, defining a manner in which a channel access countdown procedure is performed is desirable. Some aspects described herein provide techniques and apparatus for a beam-based channel access countdown procedure. In some aspects, the systems, methods, and apparatuses described herein provide a beam-based channel access countdown procedure that allows a single channel sensing beam, including multiple transmit beams, to be utilized in association with determining channel availability for the multiple transmit beams, thereby improving performance of beam-based directional transmissions.

The present disclosure relates to transmission methods and apparatuses in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). One example method for indicating transmission opportunity (TXOP) duration in a wireless communication system, comprising generating, by a TXOP holder, a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), where the High Efficiency Signal field A (HE-SIGA) in the PPDU carries a TXOP duration field, the TXOP duration field is used to indicate the remaining time for using the channel by the station to other stations, the TXOP duration field includes a first part which is used to indicate the granularity used, and a second part which is used to indicate the TXOP duration using the granularity indicated by the first part, and sending the generated PPDU.

A UE is provided with a dedicated preamble for use in a two-step random access procedure, as well as dedicated, contention-free PUSCH transmission resources for the PUSCH part of msgA. In one embodiment, the base station transmits a partial PUSCH msgA configuration to the UE using dedicated RRC signaling. In another embodiment, the base station transmits a resource index to the UE indicative of a dedicated PUSCH resource for a msgA transmission via dedicated RRC signaling.

A UE is provided with a dedicated preamble for use in a two-step random access procedure, as well as dedicated, contention-free PUSCH transmission resources for the PUSCH part of msgA. In one embodiment, the base station transmits a partial PUSCH msgA configuration to the UE using dedicated RRC signaling. In another embodiment, the base station transmits a resource index to the UE indicative of a dedicated PUSCH resource for a msgA transmission via dedicated RRC signaling.

This terminal is provided with a control circuit for setting a plurality of transmission opportunities with respect to a unit time interval corresponding to a scheduling unit, and a transmit circuit for performing repetitive transmission of uplink control information in the plurality of transmission opportunities.

This terminal is provided with a control circuit for setting a plurality of transmission opportunities with respect to a unit time interval corresponding to a scheduling unit, and a transmit circuit for performing repetitive transmission of uplink control information in the plurality of transmission opportunities.