Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The described techniques provide for dynamic updates to beam failure detection (BFD) reference signals (RSs) and path loss RS using medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) or downlink control information (DCI). For example, the quasi co-location (QCL) of periodic CSI-RS may be dynamically updated by the MAC-CE or DCI when the periodic CSI-RS is for BFD RS. Also, a semi-persistent CSI-RS or aperiodic CSI-RS may act as a BFD RS. An enhanced update procedure may be used to update the path loss RS dynamically using MAC-CE or DCI. In some cases, the path loss RS parameters updated via MAC-CE or DCI may overwrite the previously RRC configured path loss RS parameters. In another example, if the path loss RS is not configured, then the path loss RS by default may be the spatial relation reference signal of the corresponding uplink beam.

A method and apparatus are disclosed. A first sidelink Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) for PC5-S message transmission is established. The first sidelink SRB is associated with a default Destination Layer-2 Identity (ID). A first PC5-S message is transmitted on the first sidelink SRB with a Source Layer-2 ID derived from a Layer-2 ID of the first UE and a Destination Layer-2 ID derived from the default Destination Layer-2 ID. A second PC5-S message is received from a second UE. The second PC5-S message is transmitted with a Source Layer-2 ID derived from a Layer-2 ID of the second UE and a Destination Layer-2 ID derived from the Layer-2 ID of the first UE. A second sidelink SRB for PC5-S message reception and/or transmission is established. The second sidelink SRB is associated with the Layer-2 ID of the second UE.

A method and apparatus are disclosed. A first sidelink Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) for PC5-S message transmission is established. The first sidelink SRB is associated with a default Destination Layer-2 Identity (ID). A first PC5-S message is transmitted on the first sidelink SRB with a Source Layer-2 ID derived from a Layer-2 ID of the first UE and a Destination Layer-2 ID derived from the default Destination Layer-2 ID. A second PC5-S message is received from a second UE. The second PC5-S message is transmitted with a Source Layer-2 ID derived from a Layer-2 ID of the second UE and a Destination Layer-2 ID derived from the Layer-2 ID of the first UE. A second sidelink SRB for PC5-S message reception and/or transmission is established. The second sidelink SRB is associated with the Layer-2 ID of the second UE.

During operation, an electronic device may emulate client functionality associated with a virtual client in a wireless network, where emulating the client functionality includes generating a first frame that is compatible with a wireless communication protocol and is associated with fictious wireless communication with the virtual client. Then, the electronic device may provide, to a computer, a second frame that includes at least a portion of the first frame, where the second frame is compatible with a wired communication protocol. Next, the electronic device may receive, from the computer, a response message based at least in part on the first frame, where the response message includes information associated with a service provided by the computer. Moreover, the electronic device may assess the service based at least in part on the information and may selectively perform the remedial action based at least in part on the assessment.

During operation, an electronic device may emulate client functionality associated with a virtual client in a wireless network, where emulating the client functionality includes generating a first frame that is compatible with a wireless communication protocol and is associated with fictious wireless communication with the virtual client. Then, the electronic device may provide, to a computer, a second frame that includes at least a portion of the first frame, where the second frame is compatible with a wired communication protocol. Next, the electronic device may receive, from the computer, a response message based at least in part on the first frame, where the response message includes information associated with a service provided by the computer. Moreover, the electronic device may assess the service based at least in part on the information and may selectively perform the remedial action based at least in part on the assessment.

Embodiments of the present invention provide apparatus and methods for multi-link operations that include retransmission of data using different wireless links. The following discussion describes one such exemplary electronic system or computer system that can be used as a platform for implementing embodiments of the present invention. The multi-link device can be a multi-link wireless access point or a multi-link wireless station, for example. The multi-link device can operate multiple transceivers simultaneously to perform multi-link operations including retransmission using different wireless links. For example, the multi-link device can transmit an encrypted MPDU using a first wireless link, and retransmit the MPDU using a second wireless link by setting a MAC header of the MPDU according to a MAC address of the second wireless link, to advantageously enhance the performance, reliability, and efficiency of the wireless network.

Embodiments of the present invention provide apparatus and methods for multi-link operations that include retransmission of data using different wireless links. The following discussion describes one such exemplary electronic system or computer system that can be used as a platform for implementing embodiments of the present invention. The multi-link device can be a multi-link wireless access point or a multi-link wireless station, for example. The multi-link device can operate multiple transceivers simultaneously to perform multi-link operations including retransmission using different wireless links. For example, the multi-link device can transmit an encrypted MPDU using a first wireless link, and retransmit the MPDU using a second wireless link by setting a MAC header of the MPDU according to a MAC address of the second wireless link, to advantageously enhance the performance, reliability, and efficiency of the wireless network.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may determine that uplink data associated with a first quality of service flow is available for transmission to a base station. The UE may transmit a buffer status report to the base station. In some examples, the buffer status report may include a buffer status of the first quality of service flow. The UE may then receive an uplink grant based on transmitting the buffer status report, and may transmit the uplink data based on the uplink grant.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may determine that uplink data associated with a first quality of service flow is available for transmission to a base station. The UE may transmit a buffer status report to the base station. In some examples, the buffer status report may include a buffer status of the first quality of service flow. The UE may then receive an uplink grant based on transmitting the buffer status report, and may transmit the uplink data based on the uplink grant.

The present application relates to user equipment (UE) assisted uplink resource modification. In one implementation, a UE may determine an upcoming absence of uplink data for transmission on an uplink communication channel to a network entity during a period defined by a configured grant, and transmit a message to the network entity to trigger adjustment of at least one resource associated with the configured grant. In another implementation, a network entity may receive a message from a UE representing an upcoming absence of uplink data on an uplink communication channel during a scheduled period defined by a configured grant, and adjust at least one resource associated with the configured grant in response to receiving the message