A method of passive sensor tracking includes using a Wi-Fi access point that transmits a management frame comprising sensor data of a sensor as part of Wi-Fi wireless network discovery, associating unique identifying information of the Wi-Fi access point with a sensor in a sensor tracking database, receiving observation data of the Wi-Fi access point from a Wi-Fi AP Database, the observation data including the unique identifying information of the Wi-Fi access point and the sensor data of the sensor, and storing the sensor data in the sensor tracking database. The Wi-Fi AP Database receives one or more reports comprising observation data from one or more wireless devices that encounter the Wi-Fi access point.

The present disclosure provides methods operable in a balloon network. The method can include determining that a balloon is at a location associated with a legally-defined geographic area. An area profile of the legally-defined geographic area may identify geographically-restricted data that must not be removed from the legally-defined geographic area. The method can also include determining that the balloon contains at least some of the geographically-restricted data. The method can also include determining that the balloon is likely to move out of the legally-defined geographic area. The method can also include removing the geographically-restricted data from the memory of the balloon.

To provide a relay apparatus for relay communication between a wireless base station and a communication terminal, the relay apparatus including: a relay function management switch for switching from on to off a relay function for relaying communications between the wireless base station and the communication terminal based on the satisfaction of a predetermined condition; and a signal transmitter for transmitting, to the communication terminal, establishing a wireless communication connection with the relay apparatus, a signal to execute handover to a handover destination which is identified before the predetermined condition has been satisfied if the predetermined condition has been satisfied.

A system and method for micro-navigation of a mobile object (1000) is disclosed herein. Micro-navigation provides guidance to destinations that are not normally found on maps or in navigation systems. In one micro-navigation method, data is collected (1501) related to route transit to specific end points that are not typically mapped. The end points are identified (1502) by relating specific geo coordinates, or physical landmark based characteristics, or electronically described and defined end point to a an identification that will be entered and stored in a location database. Guidance (1503) is provided to vehicles traveling to those end points or destinations, with additional information relevant to a route and/or a specific vehicle and configuration updated and made available to the system.

A vehicle communication system includes a central device and an on-vehicle device. A path determiner of the central device determines an information transmission path between a plurality of vehicles for consolidating information in a vehicle that performs a wireless communication with a terrestrial communication device out of the vehicles based on at least operating information on the vehicles. An on-vehicle communicator of the on-vehicle device acquires the information transmission path directly from the central device via the terrestrial communication device or indirectly from the central device via the terrestrial communication device and a second vehicle, and transmits and receives predetermined information to and from the terrestrial communication device or the second vehicle based on the acquired information transmission path.

A method for connecting a node of a wireless-communication coverage-extension system is provided. The node determines whether it has been moved out of an initial local area network. In the case where the node has been moved, a local area network is established from the moved node by activating an address server functionality. The moved node is then connected to a point of access to the internet. A secure tunnel is next established between the moved node and a master node coordinating the initial local area network. The address server functionality is then deactivated and a client functionality of an address server of the initial local area network is activated.

A method for operating a local network for a terminal device by a first communication device of a first motor vehicle is provided. A first mobile network connection is set up between the first motor vehicle and a network external to the motor vehicle Using the first communication device. The local network is created for the terminal device as a function of the first mobile network connection. A current first state of charge of a first electrical energy storage unit of the first motor vehicle is determined by the first communication device and the local network is created as a function of the determined first state of charge that is determined.

A system for providing temporary, transportable cellular communications networks is disclosed. The system includes at least one mobile base station and a control system. The mobile base station can include an aerial vehicular base station with a frame and propellers mounted on the frame that enable flight of the aerial vehicular base station while the control system is configured to control the flight path and functioning of the aerial vehicular base station. The aerial vehicular base station includes hardware and software components for providing cellular network coverage for short ranges. The control system determines the safe flight path for the aerial vehicular base station to reach a service location to provide cellular network coverage. The aerial vehicular base station identifies the closest base stations and available spectrum at the service location to provide communication services for the user equipment at the service location.

Provided are a method by which a first device performs wireless communication an apparatus for supporting same. The method may comprise: receiving, from the base station through a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a downlink control information (DCI) related to the SL HARQ process ID, wherein the DCI includes information related to a second SL grant for retransmission of the MAC PDU and information related to a second PUCCH resource, wherein, based on the buffer related to the SL HARQ process ID being flushed, the first device does not transmit the MAC PDU to the second device based on the second SL grant, and the first device does not transmit SL HARQ feedback information related to the MAC PDU to the base station based on the second PUCCH resource.

This application provides a non-terrestrial network (non-terrestrial network, NTN) communication method and an apparatus, to resolve the following problem: When performing a delay-sensitive communication service, UE may select a cell covered by a satellite since the UE cannot distinguish between a cell covered by a terrestrial base station and the cell covered by the satellite. The method includes: A first network device determines cell type information of a cell covered by a second network device, where the cell type information indicates that the cell is a terrestrial network communication cell or a non-terrestrial network communication cell; and the first network device sends the cell type information to a third network device.