A dialysis machine has a blood circuit, a blood pump, a dialyzer, a venous pressure sensor, a substituate line, and a control unit. The control unit can operate the blood pump in a first operating mode and in a special operating mode, and start the special operating mode after a trigger event. In the special operating mode, a blood pump conveying rate is controlled via a default value or regulated to a desired value, with the default or desired value being derived from a value determined before the started special mode or corresponding to the value. The presence of an obstacle is polled before the special mode, and depending on the presence thereof, the start of the special mode is blocked or delayed and/or the selection of the default value or the desired value on the presence of the obstacle differs from the selection without the presence of the obstacle.

This document describes devices used during surgical procedures for the treatment of heart conditions. For example, this document describes technology to monitor the operations of a heart-lung machine and then shows associated read outs on a head-worn display in order to provide an augmented-reality presentation. For example, various sensors on and around a heart-lung machine, patient, and/or extracorporeal circuit can monitor the operations of the procedure using the heart-lung machine.

An apparatus for extracorporeal treatment of fluid and a process of setting up a medical apparatus for the delivery or collection of fluids are disclosed. According to the apparatus and the process, a control unit (10) is configured calculate set values of two or more of the fluid flow rates based on a fluid flow rate set by the operator and on a prescribed dose value (D.sub.set).

The disclosed subject matter relates to extracorporeal blood processing or other processing of fluids. Volumetric fluid balance, a required element of many such processes, may be achieved with multiple pumps or other proportioning or balancing devices which are to some extent independent of each other. This need may arise in treatments that involve multiple fluids. Safe and secure mechanisms to ensure fluid balance in such systems are described.

A dialysis device having an extracorporeal blood circuit which has an arterial line having a blood pump and an arterial needle for connection to a patient, a venous line having a venous needle for connection to a patient and a dialyzer arranged between the arterial line and the venous line and having a blood chamber and a dialysis fluid chamber is provided. The dialysis device furthermore has a control unit and an extracorporeal blood pressure sensor which is arranged at the suction side of the blood pump. The control unit is configured such that a signal output takes place which indicates the presence of recirculation when a change in the signal of the sensor following a trigger event exceeds a threshold value.

An apparatus for measuring recirculation using thermodilution during extracorporeal blood treatment including a temperature varying unit arranged to cyclically heat and/or cool blood in a venous tube segment of the blood tube system for a quasi-continuous recirculation measurement; and a detecting device configured to measure a variation of a physical parameter resulting from the heating and/or cooling. The detecting device is arranged to detect, in a case free from recirculation, a first physical parameter and to detect, in a case afflicted with recirculation, a physical parameter varied by the cooling and/or heating of the blood by the temperature varying unit as a second physical parameter in the blood tube system. A method for measuring recirculation carries out appropriate steps.

A method of performing closed-loop dialysis treatment during hemodialysis is provided. The method involves determining an initial ultrafiltration rate and setting an ultrafiltration pump of a dialysis system to the determined ultrafiltration rate. A series of measurements and calculations are made to ensure that a rate of change of blood volume during treatment follows a specified profile. A threshold may be used to keep the rate of change of blood volume tracking the profile. Patient fluid dynamics may be measured in real-time and used to determine the ultrafiltration pump rate.

A blood purification apparatus that includes a blood circuit including an arterial blood circuit provided with an arterial puncture needle and a venous blood circuit provided with a venous puncture needle with which an access vessel is puncturable, the blood circuit allowing blood of the patient to extracorporeally circulate; a blood purifier connected to the arterial blood circuit and to the venous blood circuit and that purifies the blood flowing through the blood circuit; a blood pump provided to the arterial blood circuit; a recirculating-blood-detecting unit capable of detecting recirculating blood when the blood of the patient is caused to extracorporeally circulate through the blood circuit by activating the blood pump, the recirculating blood being blood once returned to the patient from the venous blood circuit and reintroduced into the arterial blood circuit; and a recirculation-rate-calculating unit capable of calculating recirculation rate, the recirculation rate being a proportion of the recirculating blood in the blood flowing in the arterial blood circuit. The blood purification apparatus includes a control unit capable of executing a treatment mode in which blood purification treatment is performed with the blood purifier while the blood of the patient is caused to extracorporeally circulate through the blood circuit by activating the blood pump in a state of normal connection where an upstream part of the access vessel is punctured with the puncture needle at a distal end of the arterial blood circuit and a downstream part of the access vessel is punctured with the puncture needle at a distal end of the venous blood circuit; and a measurement mode in which the detection of recirculating blood by the recirculating-blood-detecting unit and the calculation of recirculation rate by the recirculation-rate-calculating unit are performed while the blood of the patient is caused to extracorporeally circulate through the blood circuit by activating the blood pump in a state of reverse connection where the downstream part of the access vessel is punctured with the puncture needle at the distal end of the arterial blood circuit and the upstream part of the access vessel is punctured with the puncture needle at the distal end of the venous blood circuit, the calculated recirculation rate being used in calculating blood flow rate in the access vessel that is calculable in the measurement mode

An apparatus and a method for extracorporeal blood treatment, especially for hemodialysis, wherein blood of a patient is flushed with a dialysate in a dialyzer and wherein a variable correlated with the plasma sodium concentration of the blood is measured. The composition of the dialysate then is adjusted in response to the variable measured so that the plasma sodium concentration of the blood at least at the end of the blood treatment has the same value as at the beginning. For measuring the variable correlated with the plasma sodium concentration of the blood, for example a bypass operation can be implemented in which the dialysate is guided past the dialyzer so that a residual volume on the side of the used dialysate at least partially adopts the concentration of the substances dissolved on the blood side.

A the dialyzer control apparatus includes a magnetic field generator which is disposed on an outer surface of a dialyzer which removes wastes from a blood flowing therein and generates a magnetic field; and a controller which controls the magnetic field generator to perform a magnetic field stimulation on the blood flowing into the dialyzer. The magnetic field stimulation may be a stimulation related to the improvement of the Rouleau formation for the red blood cells in the blood.