The invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for calculating a bicarbonate concentration in a fluid used in dialysis. The devices, systems, and methods can be used to calculate the bicarbonate concentration in either dialysate or blood. The invention measures the amount of carbon dioxide in both an acidified and non-acidified solution and calculates the bicarbonate concentration based on the difference in carbon dioxide concentrations.

A fully-automatic regional citrate anticoagulation machine is disclosed. A sampling portion extracts a blood sample on line and in real time and sends it to a storage purifier for storage and purification. A sample injection portion conveys the blood sample in the blood sample storage purifier to a sample loading slot through a sample injection tube. An assay and analysis portion conveys, through a sample suction tube, the blood sample to an analyzer for blood sample assay and analysis. The sampling portion, the sample injection portion, the assay and analysis portion and an administration portion are connected to the program control portion. The program control portion controls, according to an internally-set program, operation of the sampling portion, the sample injection portion and the assay and analysis portion, and sends an instruction to the administration portion according to the data result obtained by the assay and analysis portion.

System and methods are provided for harvesting one or more organs, e.g., a lung from a donor body. In one embodiment, a distal end of a tubular member is introduced into the donor body's vasculature via a percutaneous access site, and the tubular member is manipulated until the distal end of the tubular member is disposed within the thoracic duct. Fluid is removed from the thoracic duct through the tubular member to a location exterior to the patient's body, and one or more organs are removed from the donor body. Optionally, one or more parameters within the thoracic duct or other parameters of the donor body may be monitored and fluid removal may be adjusted to reduce fluid accumulation within the one or more organs.

Dialysis systems comprising actuators that cooperate to perform dialysis functions and sensors that cooperate to monitor dialysis functions are disclosed. According to one aspect, such a hemodialysis system comprises a user interface model layer, a therapy layer, below the user interface model layer, and a machine layer below the therapy layer. The user interface model layer is configured to manage the state of a graphical user interface and receive inputs from a graphical user interface. The therapy layer is configured to run state machines that generate therapy commands based at least in part on the inputs from the graphical user interface. The machine layer is configured to provide commands for the actuators based on the therapy commands.

An apparatus for extracorporeal treatment of fluid and a process of setting up a medical apparatus for the delivery or collection of fluids are disclosed. According to the apparatus and the process, a control unit (10) is configured calculate set values of two or more of the fluid flow rates by imposing that an emptying time of containers of fresh fluid (16, 20, 21, 26) and/or a filling time of a waste container is substantially same as, or multiple of, the emptying time of one or more of the other containers of fresh fluid.

Systems and sensor clip assemblies for optically monitoring blood flowing through a blood chamber are provided. A sensor clip assembly includes emitters and photodetectors positioned on opposing arms, a signal conditioning circuit for conditioning raw analog signals generated by the photodetectors while the sensor clip assembly is fastened to a blood chamber, and an analog-to-digital converter for converting the conditioned analog signals to raw digital data. The sensor clip assembly may include a microcontroller for calculating parameters of blood flowing through the blood chamber such as hematocrit, oxygen saturation, and change in blood volume from the raw digital data. The sensor clip assembly is in communication with a networked computer, and the networked computer is in communication with a remote computer configured to provide a user interface for monitoring and/or controlling the sensor clip assembly.

The method and system of the present invention detects cellular electrical activity and/or temperature continuously in real time to indicate the level of cellular arrest in the myocardial and conductive cells, allowing for the adjustment of cardioplegia, temperature, and/or increasing or decreasing the ratio of blood to electrolytes (cardioplegia) in order to eliminate or minimize myocardial ischemia that occurs when cellular arrest is not obtained or maintained during cardiac surgery. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a conductive wire and/or a thermistor are imbedded in or on the walls of a retrograde and/or other cannula to detect low amplitude electrical activity and/or temperature, respectively. In an alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention sensors for electrolyte, pO.sub.2, pCO.sub.2, or cardiac enzymes could also be added or used in replacement of other sensors.

A blood processing apparatus includes a measurement device having at least one chamber element extending along a longitudinal axis and including a circumferential wall extending about the longitudinal axis, a bottom wall and a top wall together defining a flow chamber. The blood processing apparatus further includes a holder for the measurement device, the holder including a base having a reception opening for receiving the measurement device and a closure element movably arranged on the base for locking the measurement device in an inserted position in the reception opening. An ultrasonic sensor of the holder is arranged on the base. The ultrasonic sensor, in the inserted position of the measurement device, faces the bottom wall of the at least one chamber element, wherein the bottom wall extends transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis.

An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit connected to a blood circuit and to a dialysis fluid circuit, a preparation device for preparing and regulating the composition of the dialysis fluid; a control unit is configured for determining or receiving a proposed value of a sodium concentration for the dialysis fluid in the dialysis supply line and to determine a set value for the sodium concentration in the dialysis fluid as a function of the proposed value. For at least an interval of proposed values for the sodium concentration, the control unit is configured to determine the set value so that the set value is different from the proposed value and so that distinct set values are determined from distinct proposed values. The set value is biased towards a predetermined pivot value.

An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit (2) connected to a blood circuit (17) and to a dialysate circuit (32), a preparation device (9) for preparing and regulating the composition of the dialysis fluid, and a sensor (11) for measuring conductivity of the dialysate (i.e. spent dialysis fluid); a control unit (12) configured for setting a sodium concentration in the dialysis fluid and after setting the dialysis fluid at the initial set point, circulating the dialysis fluid and blood through the filtration unit (2), measuring an initial conductivity value of the dialysate at the beginning of the treatment, and calculating, based on the measured initial conductivity value of the spent dialysis fluid and on the corresponding conductivity value of the dialysis fluid, the value of the initial plasma conductivity, said circulating the dialysis fluid up to the calculating of the initial plasma conductivity being performed maintaining the dialysis fluid conductivity substantially constant.