Cloud based router with policy enforcement. In some implementations, a system is provided. The system includes a plurality of access points. The plurality of access points receive data packets from a plurality of client devices. The system also includes a plurality of tunnel devices coupled to the plurality of access points. The plurality of tunnel devices generate encapsulated packets based on the data packets received by the plurality of access points. The system further includes a plurality of packet forwarding components coupled to the plurality of tunnel devices via a first set of tunnels. The plurality of packet forwarding components receive the encapsulated packets from the plurality of tunnel devices and forward the encapsulate packets. The system further includes a plurality of network access controllers coupled to the plurality of packet forwarding components via a second set of tunnels. The plurality of network access controllers enforce one or more network policies for the plurality of client devices, as the plurality of client devices move between the plurality of access points.

The present disclosure concerns managing mobility and emergency handling by receiving a mobility message from a second entity for managing access and mobility, wherein the mobility message carries a data network identifier for an IP connectivity; determining that the data network identifier in the received mobility message is an emergency data network identifier, based on emergency data network identifiers contained in emergency configuration data with which the first entity for managing access and mobility is configured; and determining that the IP connectivity is established for an emergency service.

A communication method, apparatus, and system for improving service experience when a terminal accesses an application. A network management network element receives, from a data analytics network element, first information of an application accessed by a terminal within a first area. The first information includes a quantity of access times and/or service experience for the application. The network management network element determines, based on the first information, to create, within the first area, a first user plane function network element serving the application. The network management network element sends a first message to an application function network element. The first message indicates that the network management network element triggers creation, within the first area, of the first user plane function network element serving the application.

A device may create a list of identifiers for base stations that support a fixed wireless service for a user device. The device may receive a first identifier of a first base station associated with a first attach request of the user device. The device may enable the fixed wireless service for the first base station for the user device when the first identifier is included in the list of identifiers. The device may disable the fixed wireless service for the first base station for the user device when the first identifier is not included in the list of identifiers.

A method implemented by a network exposure function network element includes: sending first information of a monitoring event to a first mobility management network element; receiving identification information of a second mobility management network element from a data management network element, where the first mobility management network element supports interworking between a first network and a second network without an interface, and the first mobility management network element and the second mobility management network element respectively serve a user equipment in the first network and the second network; and sending second information of the monitoring event to the second mobility management network element based on the identification information of the second mobility management network element.

The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. A method for coordinating an unavailability period parameter of User Equipment (UE) in wireless network is provided. The method includes determining, by an Application Function (AF) of a network apparatus in the wireless network, the unavailability period parameter for the UE based on at least one event to be performed at the UE. Further, the method includes sending, by the AF of the network apparatus, the unavailability period parameter for the UE to an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) of the network apparatus. Further, the method includes configuring the unavailability period parameter at the UE. In an embodiment, UE detects it has to execute the event, UE initiates a non-access stratum (NAS) procedure to indicate it will become unavailable by indicating the unavailability period parameter to the 5th generation core (5GC), 5GC forwards the unavailability period parameter to the AF, with this the co-ordination between UE, 5GC and AF is achieved.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for over-the-air synchronization of integrated access and backhaul communications. An example method that may be performed by a network entity includes receiving, from a first wireless node, an indication of a value of a timing adjustment factor associated with a communication between the first wireless node and a second wireless node and communicating with the first wireless node or the second wireless node based on the value of the timing adjustment factor.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for over-the-air synchronization of integrated access and backhaul communications. An example method that may be performed by a network entity includes receiving, from a first wireless node, an indication of a value of a timing adjustment factor associated with a communication between the first wireless node and a second wireless node and communicating with the first wireless node or the second wireless node based on the value of the timing adjustment factor.

A communication method is provided for performance by a first network function entity. The communication method includes determining a service zone ID, transmitting information including the service zone ID to a second network function entity, where the service zone ID is used for the second network function entity to select a service producer instance from a service producer.

Methods and devices are disclosed from the perspective of a first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). In one method, the method includes triggering a first buffer status report (BSR), wherein the first BSR indicates an estimated amount of data expected to arrive.