A method for heating an electrical bus in an electrical cabinet containing at least one current conversion device includes determining a temperature inside of the electrical cabinet. The method also includes determining a temperature outside of the electrical cabinet. Further, the method includes applying heat to the electrical bus via conduction when the temperature outside of the electrical cabinet is below a predetermined temperature threshold or a difference between the temperature inside of the electrical cabinet and the temperature outside of the electrical cabinet is less than a desired temperature difference.

An ohmic heater for heating a food product, comprising: an inverter (3) comprising controlled switches (30); a pair (4) of electrodes that can be positioned in contact with the food product to be heated, said inverter (3) being operatively interposed between a rectifier (2) of the supply voltage and the pair (4) of electrodes; a transformer (6) located between the inverter (3) and the pair (4) of electrodes for regulating the amplitude of the voltage; means (7) for determining the continuous component of the current in a zone downstream of the inverter (3) and upstream or at the transformer (6); a system (800) for regulating the closing duration of the switches (30) of said inverter (3) that operates as a function of the means (7) for determining the continuous component by minimising/suppressing said continuous component.

A method for fabricating a multilayered metal nanowire array including providing a metal seed layer, stacking a plurality of porous templates on the seed layer so that a gap forms between each adjacent pair of templates, depositing by electroplating a metal in the pores so that the metal produces nanowires in the templates and lateral interposers in the gaps between the templates, and dissolving the templates so as to produce the multilayered nanowire array including the lateral interposers. The layers between the interposers can have the same or different thicknesses, the diameter and density of the pores in each layer can be the same or different and the metal deposited in the pores of the layers can be the same or different.

A ceramic honeycomb structure includes: an outer peripheral wall; and a partition wall disposed on an inner side of the outer peripheral wall, the partition wall defining a plurality of cells, each of the plurality of cells to form a fluid flow path extending from one end face to other end face. The honeycomb structure contains: 1) particles including one or more selected from silicon carbide, silicon nitride and aluminum nitride; and 2) silicon doped with a dopant. The dopant is a Group 13 element or a Group 15 element. The honeycomb structure has a silicon content (B) of from 20 to 80% by mass, and the honeycomb structure has a porosity of 30% or less.

A system includes a pipe heater configured to heat spoolable pipe to provide a heated spoolable pipe and a pipe re-rounder configured to re-round the heated spoolable pipe to provide a rounded spoolable pipe. The system may also include a controller configured to control the pipe heater and the pipe re-rounder.

A system includes a pipe heater configured to heat spoolable pipe to provide a heated spoolable pipe and a pipe re-rounder configured to re-round the heated spoolable pipe to provide a rounded spoolable pipe. The system may also include a controller configured to control the pipe heater and the pipe re-rounder.

The present invention relates to a rapid low-temperature self-heating method and device for a battery. Active controllable large-current lossless short-circuit self-heating cooperates with an external heater to implement rapid composite heating, so that a battery is rapidly heated in a low-temperature environment and is controlled to fall within an optimal working temperature interval, so as to improve energy utilization of the battery and durability of a battery system. Before the battery system is started, battery temperature is first determined; when the temperature is less than a threshold, an external short-circuit is first proactively triggered to generate a large current to implement self-heating inside the battery. A method for determining a large-current lossless short-circuit time threshold is disclosed. A lossless time threshold of an external short-circuit of a battery is constructed according to a critical time and a second current peak of the short-circuit, ensuring that the service life and safety of the battery are not affected during rapid short-circuit heating; further, a temperature rise of lossless short-circuit self-heating of the battery is estimated based on a model, where if the temperature rise does not reach target temperature, the external heater is started for cooperative work, to make temperature of the battery system rise and kept in the optimal working temperature interval. The method is simple, easy to implement, and safe and reliable, and can effectively resolve a problem that an electric vehicle has large capacity degradation and poor working performance in a low-temperature severe cold working condition.

An electronic cigarette includes a shell and a mouthpiece. The external wall of the shell has an air inlet. An atomizer and a liquid-supply are in contact with each other. The air inlet, atomizer, and an aerosol passage are interconnected.

The present invention includes a first barrier layer configured to cover a leading edge of the blade or wing; one or more electrical bus bars disposed on the first barrier layer proximate to and substantially parallel with the leading edge; a ground bus bar disposed on the first barrier layer proximate to and substantially parallel with the leading edge; a second barrier layer disposed over the one or more electrical bus bars and the ground bus bar; one or more heating elements disposed on the second barrier layer, and each heating element electrically connected to one of the electrical bus bars and to the ground bus bar; and a third barrier layer disposed over the one or more heating elements.

A structure of the present disclosure includes a substrate made of an aluminum nitride-based ceramic, a power supply terminal made of tungsten or molybdenum, a bonding layer located between the substrate and the power supply terminal to be in contact with each thereof, and an internal electrode electrically connected to the power supply terminal. Then, in the bonding layer, a total of components constituting the power supply terminal and aluminum nitride is 90 vol % or more in a total volume of 100 vol % constituting the bonding layer.