A vaporizer device may include a pressure sensor and an ambient pressure sensor. The pressure sensor may be configured to measure a first pressure in an air flow path in the vaporizer device. The ambient pressure sensor may be configured to measure a second pressure corresponding to an atmospheric pressure. The vaporizer device may further include a controller. The controller may be configured to transition the vaporizer device to a first standby mode when the first pressure is equal to or greater than the second pressure for a first threshold quantity of time. While the vaporizer device is in the first standby mode, the controller may be further configured to transition the vaporizer device to a second standby mode when the second pressure is a threshold quantity greater than the first pressure and no motion event is detected for a second threshold quantity of time.

The present disclosure relates to a heating system comprising: a heating arrangement for heating a process medium; an inverter configured to receive an input direct-current voltage from a power supply and to produce an intermediate alternating-current voltage; a transformer configured to receive the intermediate alternating-current voltage produced by the inverter and to supply an output alternating-current voltage to the heating arrangement; a sensor arrangement configured to generate a first sensor output signal indicative of a thermodynamic parameter of the process medium or the heating arrangement; and a controller configured to control the inverter based on the first sensor output signal.

An aerosol generating apparatus comprises: a power source; a load configured to have a resistance value that varies according to a temperature and generate an aerosol by atomizing an aerosol source or heating a flavor source when supplied with power from the power source; a sensor configured to include a resistor connected in series to the load and output a measurement value that is a current value of a current flowing through the resistor or a voltage value of a voltage applied to the resistor; and a control unit configured to control power supply from the power source to the load and receive output from the sensor, wherein the resistor has a resistance value that is set such that responsiveness of a change in the measurement value to a change in a temperature of the resistance value belongs to a prescribed range.

Features relating to a vaporizer body are provided. The vaporizer body may include an outer shell that includes an inner region defined by an outer shell sidewall. A support structure is configured to fit within the inner region of the outer shell. The support structure includes a storage region defined by a top support structure, a bottom support structure, a bottom cap, and a gasket. An integrated board assembly is configured to fit within the storage region of the support structure. The integrated board assembly may include a printed circuit board assembly formed of multiple layers that form a rigid structure and that include an inner, flexible layer. A first antenna is integrated at a proximal end of the flexible layer, and a second antenna is integrated at a distal end of the flexible layer.

A heating pad with a plurality of parallel connected heating circuits that are provided with a temperature control circuit. The parallel connected heating circuits are longitudinally separated from each such that a user may cut or sever the heat mat along predetermined cut points that are indicated on the exterior surface of the heat mat. In this way, the length of the heat mat can be adjusted in the field based on the application by simply cutting the heat mat along a predefined cut point.

A tankless water heater system (100), with a heat exchanger device (20) comprising at least one hollow chamber (21, 22, 23, 24) and at least one electrical heating element (52, 53, 54), and a controller device (30) with a temperature control unit (35), a tap event counter unit (32), a down-time counter unit (33) and a time delay unit (34); an electrical switching element (41, 42, 43) for connecting or is connecting one or several heating elements (52, 53, 54) to/from a power supply; an outlet temperature sensor (27) linked with the temperature control unit (35); a flow rate sensor (29); wherein: the tap counter unit (32) is connected to the flow rate sensor (29) and is triggered when water flow rate exceeds a tap indication threshold the down-time counter unit (33) is triggered and retriggered by the tap counter unit (32) and both provide a down-time event signal after any inactivity period with no water flow and records the duration of inactivity; the time delay unit (34) is connected to and triggered by the tap counter unit (32) starting a delay period which duration is switched from a short default delay period to a long delay period by the down-time signal provided by the down-time counter unit (33); and the switching elements (41, 42, 53) are triggered by the time delay unit (34) only after the delay period has elapsed.

A method, equation, system, and device for electrically heating Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and other transparent conductive materials having a uniform sheet resistivity for defogging and de-icing in a cold environment. The use of nonparallel busbars for connecting the conductive materials reduces excessive and dangerous hot zones. The mathematical analysis and equations provide a means of precisely providing an intermittent electrical connection so that the Watt density and heating is uniform, allowing much higher temperature for de-icing and defogging and more efficient use of energy. This same concept can be used for three dimensional formed heaters to compensate for non uniform sheet resistivity. Also shown are a means of improved busbar designs and an equation and a means of altering sheet resistivity to produce electric heaters with non parallel busbars of various shapes for uniform heating

A warming device for the handrim of a wheelchair is disclosed herein to relieve discomfort caused by manually wheeling a wheelchair in cold and/or wet weather conditions. The warming device includes a hand interface, a mount, and a heating element. The warming device is configured to mount the tube of a handrim. The heating element of the warming device is coupled to an electronics system including a printed circuit board and a battery. The electronics system may be internal to the warming device, or may be housed in an external electronics box mounted similarly to the handrim or the rear wheel of the wheelchair.

The invention relates to a method for operating a heating element (210), in particular in a food processor (1) for the at least partially automatic preparation of foodstuffs, wherein the following steps are performed: a) detecting an electrical resistance of the heating element (210) such that at least one resistance value is determined, b) performing a heating operation on the heating element (210) based on the at least one determined resistance value to perform the heating operation depending on a temperature of the heating element (210).

A method for regulating a PTC heating with at least one PTC heating element and a control unit for controlling the PTC heating element is disclosed. The method includes: controlling with the control unit the PTC heating element to a target output via a control variable; receiving via PTC heating element, with the target output of the control unit, an electrical input power and emitting a thermal heating output to an environment; in a testing step the control unit keeps the target output constant over a predefined plateau duration and checks the PTC heating element for a critical imbalance state where the PTC heating element regulates itself by an increasing of its resistance; and after the testing step, when the control unit detects the critical imbalance state, the control unit reduces the target output in a regulating step.