An electrically powered infrared based thermal weed control system. A housing has a downwardly facing chamber. At least one electrically powered infrared heating element is mounted within the chamber. A source of electrical power is electrically coupled to the electrically powered infrared heating element. A control assembly varies the electrical power to the electrically powered infrared heating elements and the heat generated for controlling undesired vegetation there adjacent using targeted infrared radiation emitted by the electrically powered infrared heating element.

The present disclosure relates to aerosol delivery devices that may include components configured to convert electrical energy to heat and atomize an aerosol precursor composition. An outer body may at least partially enclose the components. An illumination source may be configured to output electromagnetic radiation. A wave guide may be configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation from the illumination source and illuminate the aerosol delivery device. The wave guide may define an increasing width from a first longitudinal end at which the electromagnetic radiation is received to an opposing second longitudinal end. Thereby, the wave guide may directly transmit the electromagnetic radiation across the entirety of the second longitudinal end to provide substantially even illumination at the second longitudinal end while employing less material and reducing the volume of space occupied by the wave guide as compared to cylindrical embodiments of wave guides. Related methods are also provided.

An apparatus for thermal ablation testing is provided. The apparatus comprises a chamber; an optically transparent window in the chamber; a sample holder inside the chamber; a test sample in the sample holder; a number of bare-wire thermocouples connected to the test sample, wherein the thermocouples generate temperature data in the form of voltage; a mass balance inside the chamber, wherein the mass balance is configured to hold the sample holder and dynamically detect changes in mass of the test sample; an external radiant heat source configured to heat the test sample through the window; a plasma source configured to generate a number of atomic species in the chamber; and a pyrometer directed at the test sample.

Several embodiments include a cooking instrument. The cooking instrument can include a heating system. The heating system can include one or more heating elements capable of emitting wireless energy into the cooking chamber. The cooking instrument can also include a control system. The control system can select a quantifiable cooking result and drive the heating system to achieve such cooking result. In at least one mode of operation, the control system can increase power density despite a power draw limit of an external power source.

An example heating apparatus comprises a light emitting diode (LED) array comprising at least one LED to heat a target object. The heating apparatus further comprises a heatsink thermally coupled to the LED array to dissipate heat from the LED array. The heatsink comprises a refrigerant path including an input to and an output from the refrigerant path to pass cooled refrigerant therethrough.

An improved process for preheating and doping a preform having a consolidated glass core and a silica soot cladding surrounding core involves waveguiding millimeter wavelength electromagnetic radiation into the preform to cause heating of the preform within the interior via absorption of the electromagnetic radiation by silica in the preform while the preform is exposed to a gas phase dopant.

The present disclosure provides a wave-to-heat conversion structure. The wave-to-heat conversion structure is a loose tissue formed by a plurality of intersect and hooking fibrous structures. The loose tissue retains a dendritic structure of the fibrous structure, and a plurality of micro-gaps are formed between the fibrous structures. The wave-to-heat conversion structure further includes a heat conductive layer, and the heat conduction coefficient of the heat conductive layer is ranged from about 10 W/m.Math.K to 3000 W/m.Math.K. The present disclosure provides a wave-to-heat conversion spectrum plate using the wave-to-heat conversion structure.

In an embodiment, a heating device comprises a radiation source that emits a source radiation, a radiation emitting layer comprising an emitting layer host material and a luminescent agent, wherein the radiation emitting layer comprises an edge, an emitting layer first surface, and an emitting layer second surface; wherein the radiation source is coupled to the edge, wherein the source radiation is transmitted from the radiation source through the edge and excites the luminescent agent, whereafter the luminescent agent emits an emitted radiation, wherein at least a portion of the emitted radiation exits through the emitting layer second surface through an escape cone; an absorber layer, wherein the absorber layer comprises an absorber layer first surface and wherein the absorber layer first surface is in direct contact with the emitting layer second surface, wherein the absorber layer comprises an absorber that absorbs emitted radiation that escapes through the escape cone.

An atomizer and an electronic cigarette, the atomizer comprising: a housing, provided with a liquid storage chamber used to store e-liquid; a liquid guide element disposed in the housing, the liquid guide element having an atomization surface, and the liquid guide element being used to absorb some e-liquid in the liquid storage chamber and being capable of transferring the e-liquid to the atomization surface; and a radiating light source, having at least one radiation generating surface, the atomization surface facing the radiating light source and the radiating light source and the atomization surface being separated by a set distance, the radiation generating surface having provided thereon a far-infrared radiating component, the far-infrared radiating component being used to emit infrared light and at least partly radiate onto the atomization surface, so as to heat e-liquid near the atomization surface and generate an aerosol.

A heat-radiating light source including a heat-radiating layer and a substrate laminated thereon for heating the heat-radiating layer is disclosed. A heat-radiating layer and a substrate for heating the heat-radiating layer are laminated. In the heat-radiating layer, there are provided a radiation control portion and a radiating transparent oxide layer, the radiation control portion having an MIM lamination portion including a pair of platinum layers juxtaposed along lamination direction and a resonating transparent oxide layer formed of a transparent oxide and disposed between the pair of platinum layers, the radiation control portion and the radiating transparent oxide layer are laminated with the radiation control portion and the radiating transparent oxide layer are disposed closer to the substrate in this order. The resonating transparent oxide layer R has a thickness providing a resonance wavelength equal to or smaller than 4 m.