A method for creating a carbon nanotube heater assembly includes creating a carbon nanotube heater with varying resistances and attaching the carbon nanotube heater to both carrier and encapsulating materials. Creating the carbon nanotube heater with varying resistances is accomplished by applying a carbon nanotube mixture to a substrate, adjusting the thickness or width of the carbon nanotube mixture, and drying the nanotube mixture.

A smoking substitute system and device comprising a heater apparatus for a heat not burn smoking substitute device, the heater apparatus comprising a solid blade-type heating element adapted for insertion into a consumable for the heat not burn smoking device, wherein the heating element has a multi-sectional cross section comprising at least two sections, each of the sections having a surface normal vector with a direction; and wherein the directions of the surface normal vectors are non-parallel.

A smoking substitute system and device comprising a heater apparatus for a heat not burn smoking substitute device, the heater apparatus comprising a solid blade-type heating element adapted for insertion into a consumable for the heat not burn smoking device, wherein the heating element has a multi-sectional cross section comprising at least two sections, each of the sections having a surface normal vector with a direction; and wherein the directions of the surface normal vectors are non-parallel.

An electric heater includes a substrate and a plane heating element disposed on one surface of the substrate. The plane heating element includes a first pattern portion including a start point and an end point, a second pattern portion that surrounds at least a portion of the first pattern portion and includes a start point and an end point, which are located at an innermost side of the second pattern portion, and a third pattern portion that surrounds at least a portion of the second pattern portion and includes a start point and the end point, which are located at an outermost side of the third pattern portion. The first pattern portion includes a plurality of first tracks that are space apart from each other and have an arc shape that is increasing in length from a center to an outermost side of the first pattern portion, the second pattern portion includes a plurality of second tracks spaced apart from each other and having an arc shape that is increasing in length from the innermost side to an outermost side of the second pattern portion, the third pattern portion includes a plurality of third tracks spaced apart from each other and having an arc shape that is increasing in length from an innermost side to the outermost side of the third portion, and a width of a third track is wider than a width of a first track.

An electrically conductive screen-printable PTC ink composition with low inrush current and high NTC onset temperature, consisting of at least two different polymers, polymer-1 and polymer-2; wherein the melting temperature difference between polymer-1 and polymer-2 must be greater than 50° C., and the mechanical strength of polymer-1 as expressed by Young's modulus must be greater than 200 MPa.

An electrically conductive screen-printable PTC ink composition with low inrush current and high NTC onset temperature, consisting of at least two different polymers, polymer-1 and polymer-2; wherein the melting temperature difference between polymer-1 and polymer-2 must be greater than 50° C., and the mechanical strength of polymer-1 as expressed by Young's modulus must be greater than 200 MPa.

An electric heating device includes a housing having a partition wall which separates a connection chamber from a heating chamber for dissipating heat and from which at least one receiving pocket protrudes into the heating chamber as a heating rib that may taper towards its lower closed end. A PTC heating element is received in the receiving pocket. The PTC element includes at least one PTC element and conductor tracks which energize the PTC element with different polarities which are electrically conductively connected to the PTC element, and which are electrically connected in the connection chamber. A pressure element also is received in the receiving pocket. Heat extraction surfaces of the PTC element are held in the receiving pocket abutting against oppositely disposed inner surfaces of the receiving pocket. The pressure element has at least one cambered surface segment projecting toward the inner surface or toward the PTC element.

A wafer support table includes a ceramic base having a wafer placement surface, and a plurality of heaters embedded in the ceramic base. The ceramic base has a first heater formation surface, a second heater formation surface, and a third heater formation surface in a stated order from the wafer placement surface toward a surface opposite from the wafer placement surface. A first heater is provided on the first heater formation surface so as to be located at a center of the ceramic base. A second heater is provided on the second heater formation surface so as to be located around a periphery of the first heater. A third heater is provided on the third heater formation surface so as to overlap the second heater and is provided in each of a plurality of zones divided from the third heater formation surface by a radial line segment.

A wafer support table includes a ceramic base having a wafer placement surface, and a plurality of heaters embedded in the ceramic base. The ceramic base has a first heater formation surface, a second heater formation surface, and a third heater formation surface in a stated order from the wafer placement surface toward a surface opposite from the wafer placement surface. A first heater is provided on the first heater formation surface so as to be located at a center of the ceramic base. A second heater is provided on the second heater formation surface so as to be located around a periphery of the first heater. A third heater is provided on the third heater formation surface so as to overlap the second heater and is provided in each of a plurality of zones divided from the third heater formation surface by a radial line segment.

Provided is an image forming apparatus including a temperature sensing circuit to which a temperature sensing element is electrically connected, wherein a surface of a heater on a side where the temperature sensing element is provided is in contact with the inner surface of a film, a heating element is provided in a primary side circuit which is electrically connected to a commercial power supply, and the temperature sensing circuit is electrically insulated from both of the primary side circuit and a secondary side circuit which is electrically insulated from the primary side circuit.