A rear liftgate window assembly for a vehicle includes a glass window panel configured to be pivotally mounted at a rear portion of a vehicle so as to be pivotable between a closed position and an opened position. A heater grid includes a plurality of electrically conductive traces established at the inner surface of the glass window panel. A pair of busbars are established at the inner surface of the glass window panel and extend outboard of at least one side region of the inner surface of the window panel that contacts a seal at the vehicle when the glass window panel is in the closed position. Electrical connectors are electrically connected to the busbars outboard of the side region. The electrical connectors are configured to electrically connect to a power source of the vehicle when the rear liftgate window assembly is mounted at the vehicle.

A thermal resistance heater with a thermal conductive shell that is used to contact with tumor tissues and conduct heat therefor is provided. A thermal resistance is disposed inside the thermal conductive shell and is self-heated via current. The thermal energy is converted from the electrical energy according to Joule's Law. The heater includes a heat radiator disposed inside the shell and is used to disperse the heat generated by the thermal resistance and conduct the heat to the shell evenly. A thermal-conduction compensation arm and the heat radiator are contacted for achieving that a temperature of the shell is the same with a specific place or an error there-between is within a threshold. A temperature sensor is used to obtain a surface average temperature of the conductive shell by collecting temperatures over the thermal-conduction compensation arm. By adjusting position the temperature sensor is disposed on thermal-conduction compensation arm, the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor can be the same with a surface temperature of a heating zone of the shell or an error there-between is within a threshold. It achieves that a controller precisely controls a surface temperature of heater.

A thermal resistance heater with a thermal conductive shell that is used to contact with tumor tissues and conduct heat therefor is provided. A thermal resistance is disposed inside the thermal conductive shell and is self-heated via current. The thermal energy is converted from the electrical energy according to Joule's Law. The heater includes a heat radiator disposed inside the shell and is used to disperse the heat generated by the thermal resistance and conduct the heat to the shell evenly. A thermal-conduction compensation arm and the heat radiator are contacted for achieving that a temperature of the shell is the same with a specific place or an error there-between is within a threshold. A temperature sensor is used to obtain a surface average temperature of the conductive shell by collecting temperatures over the thermal-conduction compensation arm. By adjusting position the temperature sensor is disposed on thermal-conduction compensation arm, the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor can be the same with a surface temperature of a heating zone of the shell or an error there-between is within a threshold. It achieves that a controller precisely controls a surface temperature of heater.

An electronic smoking article includes an outer tube extending in a longitudinal direction, an inner tube within the outer tube and including a pair of opposing slots, a liquid supply comprising a liquid material, a coil heater, a wick and a mouth end insert. The coil heater is located in the inner tube. The coil heater is formed of an iron-free, nickel-chromium alloy and has substantially uniformly spaced windings. The wick is surrounded by the coil heater such that the wick delivers liquid material to the coil heater and the coil heater heats the liquid material to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the liquid material and form an aerosol in the inner tube.

An electronic smoking article includes an outer tube extending in a longitudinal direction, an inner tube within the outer tube and including a pair of opposing slots, a liquid supply comprising a liquid material, a coil heater, a wick and a mouth end insert. The coil heater is located in the inner tube. The coil heater is formed of an iron-free, nickel-chromium alloy and has substantially uniformly spaced windings. The wick is surrounded by the coil heater such that the wick delivers liquid material to the coil heater and the coil heater heats the liquid material to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the liquid material and form an aerosol in the inner tube.

A method for producing a reaction product, with which the reaction product is obtained from a starting material through a particular organic synthesis reaction, the method includes (a) a step of setting a target wavelength to a peak wavelength of a reaction region involved in the organic synthesis reaction in an infrared absorption spectrum of the starting material; (b) a step of preparing an infrared heater that emits an infrared ray having a peak at the target wavelength from a structure constituted by a metal pattern, a dielectric layer, and a metal substrate stacked in this order from an outer side toward an inner side; and (c) a step of obtaining the reaction product by allowing the organic synthesis reaction to proceed while the infrared ray having a peak at the target wavelength is being applied to the starting material from the infrared heater.

A method for producing a reaction product, with which the reaction product is obtained from a starting material through a particular organic synthesis reaction, the method includes (a) a step of setting a target wavelength to a peak wavelength of a reaction region involved in the organic synthesis reaction in an infrared absorption spectrum of the starting material; (b) a step of preparing an infrared heater that emits an infrared ray having a peak at the target wavelength from a structure constituted by a metal pattern, a dielectric layer, and a metal substrate stacked in this order from an outer side toward an inner side; and (c) a step of obtaining the reaction product by allowing the organic synthesis reaction to proceed while the infrared ray having a peak at the target wavelength is being applied to the starting material from the infrared heater.

An aerosol-generating system includes a cartridge and an aerosol-generating device. The cartridge includes a cartridge housing, a first aerosol-forming substrate and a second aerosol-forming substrate in the cartridge housing. The aerosol-generating device defines a cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the cartridge along a first direction and the aerosol-generating device includes a transfer element extending from an end wall of the cavity, the transfer element having a longitudinal axis extending substantially parallel to the first direction, the transfer element contacts the second aerosol-forming substrate when the portion of the cartridge is in the cavity, an electric heater including a resistive heating coil wrapped around a portion of the transfer element, the resistive heating coil being wrapped around the longitudinal axis of the transfer element, a power supply, and a controller configured to control a supply of electrical power to the electric heater.

An electrically conductive screen-printable PTC ink composition with low inrush current and high NTC onset temperature, consisting of at least two different polymers, polymer-1 and polymer-2; wherein the melting temperature difference between polymer-1 and polymer-2 must be greater than 50 C., and the mechanical strength of polymer-1 as expressed by Young's modulus must be greater than 200 MPa.

An electrically conductive screen-printable PTC ink composition with low inrush current and high NTC onset temperature, consisting of at least two different polymers, polymer-1 and polymer-2; wherein the melting temperature difference between polymer-1 and polymer-2 must be greater than 50 C., and the mechanical strength of polymer-1 as expressed by Young's modulus must be greater than 200 MPa.