A heather unit including a small diameter sheath heater with improved reliability is provided. The heater unit includes a first substrate having a first joint surface and a second substrate having a second joint surface being joined together, a groove arranged on at least one of the first joint surface or the second joint surface, and a sheath heater arranged inside the groove. The sheath heater includes a metal sheath, a heating wire having a band shape, the heating wire arranged with a space within the metal sheath so as to rotate with respect to an axis direction of the metal sheath, an insulating material arranged in the space, and connection terminals arranged at one end of the metal sheath, the connection terminals electrically connected with both ends of the heating wire respectively.

A heather unit including a small diameter sheath heater with improved reliability is provided. The heater unit includes a first substrate having a first joint surface and a second substrate having a second joint surface being joined together, a groove arranged on at least one of the first joint surface or the second joint surface, and a sheath heater arranged inside the groove. The sheath heater includes a metal sheath, a heating wire having a band shape, the heating wire arranged with a space within the metal sheath so as to rotate with respect to an axis direction of the metal sheath, an insulating material arranged in the space, and connection terminals arranged at one end of the metal sheath, the connection terminals electrically connected with both ends of the heating wire respectively.

An electric heater includes a substrate (an insulating material capable of forming a conductor pattern on a surface of an insulating substrate), a first plane heating element formed on one surface of the substrate, and a second plane heating element formed on one surface of the substrate to be located outside the first plane heating element. The first plane heating element includes a first pattern portion connecting a start point with an end point located in a first zone, a pair of first electrodes located outside the first zone, and a pair of first connectors connecting the first pattern portion with the first electrodes. The second plane heating element includes a second pattern portion located in a second zone surrounding the first zone and connecting a start point with an end point, and at least some of the first connectors are located in the second zone.

A smoking substitute apparatus comprising an air passage, a reservoir formed from an air-permeable substrate and arranged to allow air to be drawn through the reservoir, the reservoir being loaded with a source of nicotine, and one or more one-way valves arranged along the air passage and configured to allow air to flow along the air passage in an upstream to downstream direction.

In one embodiment, the electronic vaping device includes a cartridge and a battery section. The cartridge and the battery section are connectable so as to define an air inlet between a portion of the cartridge and a portion of the battery section.

In one embodiment, the electronic vaping device includes a cartridge and a battery section. The cartridge and the battery section are connectable so as to define an air inlet between a portion of the cartridge and a portion of the battery section.

There is provided a device for generating an inhalable aerosol or gas, the device including an aerosol generating material having an integrated electrical resistance heating element, so that the aerosol generating material may be heated in direct contact with the electrical resistance heating element, wherein the aerosol generating material is provided as a unitary structure or coating which may be heated to generate multiple deliveries of an inhalable aerosol or gas. There is also provided a method for fabricating the device. There is also provided the use of the device and the use of the aerosol generating material, to generate an inhalable aerosol or gas.

There is provided a device for generating an inhalable aerosol or gas, the device including an aerosol generating material having an integrated electrical resistance heating element, so that the aerosol generating material may be heated in direct contact with the electrical resistance heating element, wherein the aerosol generating material is provided as a unitary structure or coating which may be heated to generate multiple deliveries of an inhalable aerosol or gas. There is also provided a method for fabricating the device. There is also provided the use of the device and the use of the aerosol generating material, to generate an inhalable aerosol or gas.

Various embodiments disclose a glow plug for a solid oxide fuel cell system. The glow plug includes a housing having a first end portion and a second end portion. The glow plug includes a heating element longitudinally disposed in the housing, extending from the second end portion of the housing towards the first end portion and extending outwardly from the housing for igniting fuel. Further, the glow plug includes a pair of coiled wires electrically connected to the heating element. Further, the glow plug includes a potting compound disposed within the second end portion of the housing for securing electrical coupling of the pair of coiled wires with the heating element. Furthermore, the glow plug includes a sealing element configured to form an air-tight connection between the housing and the heating element. The sealing element is positioned on top of the potting compound.

Various embodiments disclose a glow plug for a solid oxide fuel cell system. The glow plug includes a housing having a first end portion and a second end portion. The glow plug includes a heating element longitudinally disposed in the housing, extending from the second end portion of the housing towards the first end portion and extending outwardly from the housing for igniting fuel. Further, the glow plug includes a pair of coiled wires electrically connected to the heating element. Further, the glow plug includes a potting compound disposed within the second end portion of the housing for securing electrical coupling of the pair of coiled wires with the heating element. Furthermore, the glow plug includes a sealing element configured to form an air-tight connection between the housing and the heating element. The sealing element is positioned on top of the potting compound.