A cord-shaped heater 1, having: a conductive wires 5a; an inner-layer covering 7 formed on the outer periphery of the conductive wires 5a; and an outer-layer covering 9 formed on the outer periphery of the inner-layer covering 7, wherein the melting temperature of the inner-layer covering 7 is higher than the melting temperature of the outer-layer covering 9, the inner-layer covering 7 and the outer-layer covering 9 are made of same type of polymer material, and the inner-layer covering 7 and the outer-layer covering 9 are adhered to each other. The cord-shaped heater 1, wherein the conductive wire 5a includes a plurality of conductive wires, and the conductive wires 5a is covered with an insulating film 5b. A sheet-shaped heater, wherein the cord-shaped heater is arranged on a substrate, the substrate has a gap, at least a part of the outer-layer covering is penetrated into the gap of the substrate, and the inner-layer covering is not penetrated into the gap of the substrate.

A cord-shaped heater 1, having: a conductive wires 5a; an inner-layer covering 7 formed on the outer periphery of the conductive wires 5a; and an outer-layer covering 9 formed on the outer periphery of the inner-layer covering 7, wherein the melting temperature of the inner-layer covering 7 is higher than the melting temperature of the outer-layer covering 9, the inner-layer covering 7 and the outer-layer covering 9 are made of same type of polymer material, and the inner-layer covering 7 and the outer-layer covering 9 are adhered to each other. The cord-shaped heater 1, wherein the conductive wire 5a includes a plurality of conductive wires, and the conductive wires 5a is covered with an insulating film 5b. A sheet-shaped heater, wherein the cord-shaped heater is arranged on a substrate, the substrate has a gap, at least a part of the outer-layer covering is penetrated into the gap of the substrate, and the inner-layer covering is not penetrated into the gap of the substrate.

An article comprising a heater that comprises a high-resistance magnification (HRM) PTC ink deposited on a flexible substrate to form one or more resistors. The HRM PTC ink has a resistance magnification of at least 20 in a temperature range of at least 20 degrees Celsius above a switching temperature of the ink, the resistance magnification being defined as a ratio between a resistance of the double-resin ink at a temperature ‘T’ and a resistance of the double-resin ink at 25 degrees Celsius.

An aerosol delivery device is provided. The aerosol delivery device includes terminals configured to connect a power source to the aerosol delivery device and a heating element configured to convert electricity to heat and thereby vaporize components of an aerosol precursor composition. The aerosol delivery device also includes a boost converter configured to step up voltage from the power source to a higher voltage and an inverter configured to convert the higher voltage to a complementary negative voltage. The aerosol delivery device further includes at least one non-inverting amplifier circuit that includes an operational amplifier configured to receive the voltage from the power source as an input voltage, and receive the higher voltage and the complementary negative voltage as supply voltages. The at least one non-inverting amplifier circuit is configured to amplify the input voltage to an output voltage, and provide a continuous output current.

The invention relates to a glass product with electrically heated surface and a method of its manufacture. A method of manufacturing a glass product with electrically heated surface comprises the steps of: producing a substantially transparent substrate; applying a substantially transparent electroconductive layer to the substrate; and forming in the electroconductive layer at least one section with electrically insulated zones separated by electroconductive strips, which at least partially deviate from the longitudinal direction of the section and consist of straight and/or curved portions having substantially the same width w within one section, the width being selected for a specified configuration of electrically insulated zones as a function of desired total resistance R.sub.total of the section, consisting of combination of resistances R.sub.N of the strip portions, wherein resistance R.sub.N of each strip portion is determined from the equation: where R.sub.□ is the specific resistivity of the electroconductive layer; w is the width of the strip, and l.sub.N is the length of each portion of the strip.

A stamped resistive element for use in electrical equipment, manufacturing process of stamped resistive element and apparatus equipped with stamped resistive element are provided. The stamped resistive element is produced from a stamping process and is intended to be used in replacement of conventional helical electrical resistances, whether in hair dryers and similar equipment or in other types of heating equipment. The stamped resistive element is produced as a blank from a metal sheet presenting a known resistive coefficient.

A sub-micron scale property testing apparatus including a test subject holder and heating assembly. The assembly includes a holder base configured to couple with a sub-micron mechanical testing instrument and electro-mechanical transducer assembly. The assembly further includes a test subject stage coupled with the holder base. The test subject stage is thermally isolated from the holder base. The test subject stage includes a stage subject surface configured to receive a test subject, and a stage plate bracing the stage subject surface. The stage plate is under the stage subject surface. The test subject stage further includes a heating element adjacent to the stage subject surface, the heating element is configured to generate heat at the stage subject surface.

A board-like structure includes a base body, an internal conductor, a connection conductor, and a terminal member. The base body is an insulating member including an upper surface and a lower surface on an opposite side to the upper surface. The internal conductor runs along the upper surface and the lower surface inside the base body. The connection conductor is connected to the internal conductor inside the base body. The terminal member is connected to the connection conductor inside the base body and is exposed to an external portion of the base body at the lower surface. The connection conductor is longer in length in a vertical direction than a thickness of the internal conductor in the vertical direction. In the terminal member, at least a side surface is connected to the side surface of the connection conductor.

A method for manufacturing a glass article includes a heating step that heats a heating object made of glass. The heating step includes heating the heating object by converting, by a converter arranged between the heating object and a radiant heat source that radiates infrared light, a spectrum of the infrared light radiated from the radiant heat source and causing the heating object to absorb the infrared light radiated from the converter. The converter includes: an infrared light absorber that generates heat by absorbing the infrared light radiated from the radiant heat source; and an infrared light radiator made of a silicon-containing material. The infrared light radiator is heated through thermal conduction from the infrared light absorber. At least part of a surface of the converter facing the heating object includes at least part of a surface of the infrared light radiator.

A method for manufacturing a glass article includes a heating step that heats a heating object made of glass. The heating step includes heating the heating object by converting, by a converter arranged between the heating object and a radiant heat source that radiates infrared light, a spectrum of the infrared light radiated from the radiant heat source and causing the heating object to absorb the infrared light radiated from the converter. The converter includes: an infrared light absorber that generates heat by absorbing the infrared light radiated from the radiant heat source; and an infrared light radiator made of a silicon-containing material. The infrared light radiator is heated through thermal conduction from the infrared light absorber. At least part of a surface of the converter facing the heating object includes at least part of a surface of the infrared light radiator.