A polyvinyl acetal resin film for laminated glass, a viscosity of toluene/ethanol=1/1 (by mass ratio) solution of a polyvinyl acetal resin in a resin composition constituting the polyvinyl acetal resin film with a concentration of 10% by mass, measured at 30 rpm and 20° C. by using a Brookfield-type (B-type) viscometer, being more than 200 mPa.Math.s, the polyvinyl acetal resin film comprising a plasticizer in an amount of 0 to 20% by mass based on a total mass of the resin composition constituting the polyvinyl acetal resin film, and the polyvinyl acetal resin film having a thickness of 10 to 350 μm.

A thermoelectric element is provided between an on-board camera and a windshield. The on-board camera incorporates a temperature sensor, heat is caused to be transferred from the on-board camera to the windshield when a temperature of the on-board camera is equal to or greater than a threshold, and when the temperature of the on-board camera is lower than the threshold, a space formed by the on-board camera and the windshield is warmed by heat generated by the thermoelectric element itself, whereby condensation on the windshield is restricted.

A system such as a vehicle may have windows with one or more conductive layers. The conductive layers may form part of an infrared-light-blocking layer or other layer. The infrared-light-blocking layer or other layer may be formed as a coating on a transparent structural window layer such as an outer or inner glass layer in a laminated window or may be embedded in a polymer layer between the outer and inner layers. Segmented terminals and elongated terminals that may extend past two or more segmented terminals may be coupled to the edges of the conductive layers. Using these terminals, control circuitry can apply localized ohmic heating currents and can make resistance measurements on the conductive layers to detect cracks.

A system such as a vehicle may have windows with one or more conductive layers. The conductive layers may form part of an infrared-light-blocking layer or other layer. The infrared-light-blocking layer or other layer may be formed as a coating on a transparent structural window layer such as an outer or inner glass layer in a laminated window or may be embedded in a polymer layer between the outer and inner layers. Segmented terminals and elongated terminals that may extend past two or more segmented terminals may be coupled to the edges of the conductive layers. Using these terminals, control circuitry can apply localized ohmic heating currents and can make resistance measurements on the conductive layers to detect cracks.

Fluid connection (12) for a wiper blade (14) of a windshield wiping system, wherein a heating element (16) is arranged in a lumen (18) and protrudes from an opening (18) of the lumen (18), wherein a tubular sealing means (10) is able to be arranged on the opening (20) and closes the opening (20) in a fluid-tight manner and fixes the heating means (16).

A vehicle imaging apparatus includes an imaging device capable of imaging an imaging side thereof; a transparent heater that is provided at least in a range of an angle of view of the imaging device at the imaging side of the imaging device, that generates heat by being energized, and that heats an imaging side of the imaging device; and a resistance member that is provided at an electrical circuit including the heater, and that generates heat by being energized, an electrical resistance value of the resistance member is increased along with increase in temperature of the resistance member due to heat generation such that a current value of current that flows to the heater is decreased.

The invention provides a glazing comprising first glass sheet comprising a printed layer on a portion of a surface of the glass sheet and a conductive coating on the surface of the first glass sheet. The conductive coating extends over at least a portion of the printed layer to form a coated print portion and extends over a portion of the surface of the glass sheet to form a coated glass portion. The coated print portion has a Developed Interfacial Area Ratio Sdr less than 27.45%. A method for producing the glazing and use of the glazing in a vehicle is also disclosed.

A heater member (1a) includes a support (10), a heating element (20), and at least one pair of power supply electrodes (30). The support (10) is made of an organic polymer and has a sheet shape. The heating element (20) is made of a polycrystalline material containing indium oxide as a main component and in contact with one principal surface of the support (10). The power supply electrodes (30) are in contact with one principal surface of the heating element (20). The heating element (20) has a sheet resistance in the range from 10 to 150 Ω/sq. The heating element (20) has a thickness of more than 20 nm and not more than 200 nm. The internal stress of the heating element (20) as measured by an X-ray stress measurement method is 500 MPa or less.

A method comprising: (a) heating a light module of a vehicle with a heater; (b) monitoring a temperature of the light module; (c) activating a communication sequence; and (d) performing the communication sequence so that a message is conveyed between a controller of the light module and a controller of the vehicle.

A method comprising: (a) heating a light module of a vehicle with a heater; (b) monitoring a temperature of the light module; (c) activating a communication sequence; and (d) performing the communication sequence so that a message is conveyed between a controller of the light module and a controller of the vehicle.