A dielectric welding film capable of providing excellent adhesiveness to a variety of adherends in a short period of dielectric heating, and an welding method using the dielectric welding film are provided. The dielectric welding film is configured to adhere a pair of adherends of the same material or different materials through dielectric heating, the dielectric welding film including a first thermoplastic resin as an A1 component having a predetermined solubility parameter, a second thermoplastic resin as an A2 component having a solubility parameter larger than the solubility parameter of the first thermoplastic resin, and a dielectric filler as a B component. The welding method uses the dielectric welding film.

A dielectric welding film capable of providing excellent adhesiveness to a variety of adherends in a short period of dielectric heating, and an welding method using the dielectric welding film are provided. The dielectric welding film is configured to adhere a pair of adherends of the same material or different materials through dielectric heating, the dielectric welding film including a first thermoplastic resin as an A1 component having a predetermined solubility parameter, a second thermoplastic resin as an A2 component having a solubility parameter larger than the solubility parameter of the first thermoplastic resin, and a dielectric filler as a B component. The welding method uses the dielectric welding film.

An electrically heatable layer stack is disclosed. The electrically heatable layer stack includes at least two substrate layers, and at least one carbon nanotubes-, CNT-, layer, which is arranged between the substrate layers and which is configured to conduct an electric current. The substrate layers and the at least one CNT-layer are configured to produce heating of at least one of the substrate layers when an electric current is applied to the at least one CNT-layer. A vehicle assembly group, an aircraft, a method and a system for manufacturing an electrically heatable layer stack are also disclosed.

An electrode is embedded in a piece of ceramic material having a population of conduction band electrons. Applying a voltage bias to the electrode causes electrons to flow towards or away from the electrode to form a positively charged sheath either a distance apart from or adjacent the electrode, depending the polarity of the bias. The electron flow also forms a negatively charged sheath lying opposite the positively charged sheath, and an electrically neutral region lying between the two sheaths. Electromagnetic radiation impinging the ceramic material heats the ceramic where the radiation is absorbed by the electron population. As the incident radiation is absorbed in proportion to the electron density, heating is increased in the negatively charged sheath, relative to the other parts of the ceramic material. The location of heating is controlled by controlling the magnitude and polarity of the voltage bias.

An electrode is embedded in a piece of ceramic material having a population of conduction band electrons. Applying a voltage bias to the electrode causes electrons to flow towards or away from the electrode to form a positively charged sheath either a distance apart from or adjacent the electrode, depending the polarity of the bias. The electron flow also forms a negatively charged sheath lying opposite the positively charged sheath, and an electrically neutral region lying between the two sheaths. Electromagnetic radiation impinging the ceramic material heats the ceramic where the radiation is absorbed by the electron population. As the incident radiation is absorbed in proportion to the electron density, heating is increased in the negatively charged sheath, relative to the other parts of the ceramic material. The location of heating is controlled by controlling the magnitude and polarity of the voltage bias.

A thawing method for a thawing device includes: generating a radio frequency signal; acquiring the radio frequency signal; an upper electrode plate and a lower electrode plate of the thawing chamber generating, according to the radio frequency signal, radio frequency waves having a corresponding frequency in a thawing chamber and thawing an object to be processed, obtaining voltages and currents of the incident wave signal and reflected wave signal, and determining a thawing progress of the object to be processed.

A thawing method for a thawing device includes: generating a radio frequency signal; acquiring the radio frequency signal; an upper electrode plate and a lower electrode plate of the thawing chamber generating, according to the radio frequency signal, radio frequency waves having a corresponding frequency in a thawing chamber and thawing an object to be processed, obtaining voltages and currents of the incident wave signal and reflected wave signal, and determining a thawing progress of the object to be processed.

An apparatus and method for electromagnetic heating of a hydrocarbon formation. The method involves providing electrical power to at least one electromagnetic wave generator for generating high frequency alternating current; using the electromagnetic wave generator to generate high frequency alternating current; using at least one pipe to define at least one of at least two transmission line conductors; coupling the transmission line conductors to the electromagnetic wave generator; and applying the high frequency alternating current to excite the transmission line conductors. The excitation of the transmission line conductors can propagate an electromagnetic wave within the hydrocarbon formation. In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining that a hydrocarbon formation between the transmission line conductors is at least substantially desiccated; and applying a radiofrequency electromagnetic current to excite the transmission line conductors. The radiofrequency electromagnetic current radiates to a hydrocarbon formation surrounding the transmission line conductors.

An apparatus and method for electromagnetic heating of a hydrocarbon formation. The method involves providing electrical power to at least one electromagnetic wave generator for generating high frequency alternating current; using the electromagnetic wave generator to generate high frequency alternating current; using at least one pipe to define at least one of at least two transmission line conductors; coupling the transmission line conductors to the electromagnetic wave generator; and applying the high frequency alternating current to excite the transmission line conductors. The excitation of the transmission line conductors can propagate an electromagnetic wave within the hydrocarbon formation. In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining that a hydrocarbon formation between the transmission line conductors is at least substantially desiccated; and applying a radiofrequency electromagnetic current to excite the transmission line conductors. The radiofrequency electromagnetic current radiates to a hydrocarbon formation surrounding the transmission line conductors.

A system and method for the electromagnetic energization of packed content, in which the system includes at least one container filled with at least one fluid, at least one energization element, at least one grounding element, at least one containment element, one or more alignment elements, one or more contact elements, at least one grounding connection element, at least one grounding element, and optionally at least one movement element. Additionally, a corresponding apparatus is provided.