An apparatus and method for electromagnetic heating of a hydrocarbon formation. The method involves providing electrical power to at least one electromagnetic wave generator for generating high frequency alternating current; using the electromagnetic wave generator to generate high frequency alternating current; using at least one pipe to define at least one of at least two transmission line conductors; coupling the transmission line conductors to the electromagnetic wave generator; and applying the high frequency alternating current to excite the transmission line conductors. The excitation of the transmission line conductors can propagate an electromagnetic wave within the hydrocarbon formation. In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining that a hydrocarbon formation between the transmission line conductors is at least substantially desiccated; and applying a radiofrequency electromagnetic current to excite the transmission line conductors. The radiofrequency electromagnetic current radiates to a hydrocarbon formation surrounding the transmission line conductors.

A heat-emitting transparent plate includes a heat-emitting region that is transparent to visible light and is a region that emits heat by absorbing infrared rays. The heat-emitting region includes a meta-surface, and the meta-surface includes a plurality of meta-patterns to absorb infrared rays. A method of manufacturing a heat-emitting transparent plate includes forming a material layer on a transparent substrate and forming a plurality of patterns on the transparent substrate by patterning the material layer. The plurality of patterns include a material that is transparent to visible light and that emits heat by absorbing infrared rays, and a pitch of the plurality of patterns is less than a wavelength of the infrared rays. A heat-emitting device includes the heat-emitting transparent plate and a light source.

A thawing method for a thawing device includes: generating a radio frequency signal; acquiring the radio frequency signal; an upper electrode plate and a lower electrode plate of the thawing chamber generating, according to the radio frequency signal, radio frequency waves having a corresponding frequency in a thawing chamber and thawing an object to be processed, obtaining voltages and currents of the incident wave signal and reflected wave signal, and determining a thawing progress of the object to be processed.

A dielectric welding film capable of tightly welding adherends of a polyolefin resin or the like within a relatively short time through dielectric heating, and a bonding method using the dielectric welding film are provided. The dielectric welding film is configured to bond a plurality of adherends of the same material or different materials through dielectric heating, the dielectric welding film containing (A) a polyolefin resin and (B) a dielectric filler whose mean particle size measured in accordance with JIS Z 8819-2 (2001) is in a range from 1 to 30 m, a thickness of the dielectric welding film ranging from 10 to 2,000 m. The method uses the dielectric welding film.

An apparatus and method for electromagnetic heating of a hydrocarbon formation. The method involves providing electrical power to at least one electromagnetic wave generator for generating high frequency alternating current; using the electromagnetic wave generator to generate high frequency alternating current; using at least one pipe to define at least one of at least two transmission line conductors; coupling the transmission line conductors to the electromagnetic wave generator; and applying the high frequency alternating current to excite the transmission line conductors. The excitation of the transmission line conductors can propagate an electromagnetic wave within the hydrocarbon formation. In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining that a hydrocarbon formation between the transmission line conductors is at least substantially desiccated; and applying a radiofrequency electromagnetic current to excite the transmission line conductors. The radiofrequency electromagnetic current radiates to a hydrocarbon formation surrounding the transmission line conductors.

An apparatus and method for electromagnetic heating of a hydrocarbon formation. The method involves providing electrical power to at least one electromagnetic wave generator for generating high frequency alternating current; using the electromagnetic wave generator to generate high frequency alternating current; using at least one pipe to define at least one of at least two transmission line conductors; coupling the transmission line conductors to the electromagnetic wave generator; and applying the high frequency alternating current to excite the transmission line conductors. The excitation of the transmission line conductors can propagate an electromagnetic wave within the hydrocarbon formation. In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining that a hydrocarbon formation between the transmission line conductors is at least substantially desiccated; and applying a radiofrequency electromagnetic current to excite the transmission line conductors. The radiofrequency electromagnetic current radiates to a hydrocarbon formation surrounding the transmission line conductors.

Heating systems utilizing radio frequency (RF) energy and methods for using the same to rapidly and uniformly heat packaged articles moving through the system on one or more convey lines. These systems may be useful for a variety of processes, including the pasteurization or sterilization of packaged foodstuffs.

A dielectric welding film capable of providing excellent adhesiveness to a variety of adherends in a short period of dielectric heating, and an welding method using the dielectric welding film are provided. The dielectric welding film is configured to adhere a pair of adherends of the same material or different materials through dielectric heating, the dielectric welding film including a first thermoplastic resin as an A1 component having a predetermined solubility parameter, a second thermoplastic resin as an A2 component having a solubility parameter larger than the solubility parameter of the first thermoplastic resin, and a dielectric filler as a B component. The welding method uses the dielectric welding film.

A dielectric welding film capable of providing excellent adhesiveness to a variety of adherends in a short period of dielectric heating, and an welding method using the dielectric welding film are provided. The dielectric welding film is configured to adhere a pair of adherends of the same material or different materials through dielectric heating, the dielectric welding film including a first thermoplastic resin as an A1 component having a predetermined solubility parameter, a second thermoplastic resin as an A2 component having a solubility parameter larger than the solubility parameter of the first thermoplastic resin, and a dielectric filler as a B component. The welding method uses the dielectric welding film.

A dielectric welding film capable of achieving a tight welding through a short period of dielectric heating, and a welding method using the dielectric welding film are provided. The dielectric welding film is configured to weld a pair of adherends of the same material or different materials through dielectric heating, the dielectric welding film including a thermoplastic resin as an A component and a dielectric filler as a B component and satisfying the conditions (i) and (ii): (i) a melting point or softening point measured in accordance with JIS K 7121 (1987) is in a range from 80 to 200 degrees C.; and (ii) heat of fusion measured in accordance with JIS K 7121 (1987) is in a range from 1 to 80 J/g.