An electro-optical device includes a circuit substrate including a flattening layer provided on a surface of the circuit substrate, at least one electro-optical element provided on the flattening layer, a sealing film configured to seal the electro-optical element and including at least a resin layer, and a frame-shaped bank surrounding the flattening layer and covered by the resin layer on an inner side of the frame-shaped bank. In a plan view, an unevenness is provided at a peripheral edge of the flattening layer facing the frame-shaped bank.

Provided are a vapor deposition apparatus, a vapor deposition method, and a method of manufacturing an organic EL display apparatus which can prevent heat generation of a magnet chuck by using the magnet chuck that strongly attracts a deposition mask to dispose a substrate for vapor deposition and the deposition mask in proximity to each other during vapor deposition, while being less influenced by any magnetic field during alignment between the substrate for vapor deposition and the deposition mask. In the vapor deposition apparatus, a magnet chuck (3) includes a permanent magnet (3A) and an electromagnet (3B).

An organic electroluminescent device (100) includes a substrate (1), a driving circuit layer (2), an inorganic protective layer (Pa), an organic flattening layer (Pb), an organic electroluminescent element layer (3), and a TFE structure (10). The TFE structure includes a first inorganic barrier layer (12), an organic barrier layer (14), and a second inorganic barrier layer (16). As seen in a direction of normal to the substrate, the organic flattening layer (Pb) is formed in a region where the inorganic protective layer (Pa) is formed, organic electroluminescent elements are located in a region where the organic flattening layer (Pb) is formed, and an outer perimeter of the TFE structure (10) crosses lead wires (32) and is present between an outer perimeter of the organic flattening layer (Pb) and an outer perimeter of the inorganic protective layer (Pa). In a region where the inorganic protective layer (Pb) and the first inorganic barrier layer (12) are in direct contact with each other on the lead wires (32), a tapering angle (12) of a side surface of a cross-section of the first inorganic barrier layer (12) taken along a plane parallel to a width direction of the lead wires (32) is smaller than 90 degrees.

A flexible display production apparatus of the present disclosure includes: a stage (520) for supporting a flexible display supporting substrate (10), the flexible display supporting substrate including a glass base (11) and a synthetic resin film (12) provided on the glass base; a polisher head (535) configured to approach a selected region of a surface (12s) of the synthetic resin film (12) and polish the region so that a polish recess (12c) is formed in the surface (12s); and a repair head (536) for supplying a liquid material (20a) to the polish recess (12c) formed in the surface (12s) of the synthetic resin film (12) and heating the liquid material (20a), thereby forming a sintered layer (20) from the liquid material (20a).

A composition which is useful for producing a light emitting device having excellent luminance life is provided. The composition contains a primary fluorinated alcohol represented by the formula (1), a secondary fluorinated alcohol represented by the formula (1) and an electron injectable compound or an electron transportable compound, wherein the content of the secondary fluorinated alcohol is 0.01% by mass to 0.75% by mass with respect to the total content of the primary fluorinated alcohol and the secondary fluorinated alcohol:

C.sub.nH.sub.2nm+1F.sub.mOH (1)

C.sub.nH.sub.2nm+1F.sub.mOH (1)

In the formula (1), n represents an integer of 1 to 10, and m is an integer satisfying 1m2n+1. In the formula (1), n represents an integer of 3 to 10, and m is an integer satisfying 1m2n+1.

A composition having excellent dischargeability by an ink jet method and reduced clogging of an ink jet apparatus is provided. The composition contains a fluorinated alcohol A represented by the formula (1) and having a boiling point of 50 C. or more and less than 150 C., a fluorinated alcohol B represented by the formula (1) and having a boiling point of 150 C. or more and less than 300 C., and a charge transportable compound, in which the rate of the fluorinated alcohol B with respect to 100 parts by mass of the sum of the fluorinated alcohol A and the fluorinated alcohol B is 10 parts by mass to 90 parts by mass:

C.sub.nFH.sub.2nF+1-mFF.sub.mFOH (1)

In formula (1), nF is an integer of 1 to 12 and mF is an integer of 1 to 25, provided that 2nF+1mF.

A film forming method, including providing a substrate in a lower section of a chamber, providing a mask on the substrate via an insulating body, spraying charged fine particles of a film forming material into a space inside the chamber, applying a potential of an opposite polarity to that of the charged fine particles to the substrate and applying a potential of the same polarity as that of the charged fine particles to the mask so as to deposit the fine particles on the substrate and form a film.

A film forming method, including providing a substrate in a lower section of a chamber, providing a mask on the substrate via an insulating body, spraying charged fine particles of a film forming material into a space inside the chamber, applying a potential of an opposite polarity to that of the charged fine particles to the substrate and applying a potential of the same polarity as that of the charged fine particles to the mask so as to deposit the fine particles on the substrate and form a film.

Methods and apparatus related to compensating for electrical changes resulting from cut-out of a portion of a grid of a plurality of LEDs (20A-T; 120; 220; 320). A compensating unit (40; 140; 240; 340) may be coupled to free wire segments of the grid that are created by the cut-out and the compensating unit (40; 140; 240; 340) may be configured to alter current supplied to remaining LEDs of the grid of LEDs. The compensating unit is configured to and/or may be configured to lessen current supplied to one or more LEDs of an LED-based lighting unit.

Methods and apparatus related to compensating for electrical changes resulting from cut-out of a portion of a grid of a plurality of LEDs (20A-T; 120; 220; 320). A compensating unit (40; 140; 240; 340) may be coupled to free wire segments of the grid that are created by the cut-out and the compensating unit (40; 140; 240; 340) may be configured to alter current supplied to remaining LEDs of the grid of LEDs. The compensating unit is configured to and/or may be configured to lessen current supplied to one or more LEDs of an LED-based lighting unit.