Provided are a heterocyclic compound which emits blue light and is represented by General Formula (G1) below, and a light-emitting element, a light-emitting device, an electronic device and a lighting device which are formed using the heterocyclic compound represented by General Formula (G1) below. The use of the heterocyclic compound represented by General Formula (G1) makes it possible to provide a light-emitting element which has high emission efficiency, and also a light-emitting device, an electronic device and a lighting device which have reduced power consumption.

##STR00001##

An organic electroluminescent element including a luminescent compound represented by the following formula (in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a thio group, or a silyl group, and 8 to 13 groups out of R.sup.1 to R.sup.14 each represent a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom) in a light emitting layer has high durability and excellent chromaticity.

##STR00001##

An organic electroluminescent element including a luminescent compound represented by the following formula (in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a thio group, or a silyl group, and 8 to 13 groups out of R.sup.1 to R.sup.14 each represent a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom) in a light emitting layer has high durability and excellent chromaticity.

##STR00001##

A deposition mask in which deformation of long sides is restrained is manufactured. A manufacturing method of a deposition mask includes a step of preparing a metal plate; a processing step of processing the metal plate into an intermediate product comprising: a plurality of deposition mask portions each including a pair of long sides and a pair of short sides, and having a plurality of through-holes formed therein; and a support portion that surrounds the plurality of deposition mask portions, and is partially connected to the short sides of the plurality of deposition mask portions; and a separation step of separating the deposition mask portions from the support portion to obtain the deposition mask. In the intermediate product, the long sides of the deposition mask portions are not connected to the support portion.

The present invention provides a negative-type photosensitive resin composition capable of obtaining a cured film suppressing generation of development residues caused by a pigment and having high sensitivity and excellent heat resistance and light blocking capability. A negative-type photosensitive resin composition contains an alkali-soluble resin (A), a radical-polymerizable compound (B), a photopolymerization initiator (C1), and a pigment (D1). In this resin composition, the radical-polymerizable compound (B) contains a flexible chain-containing radical-polymerizable compound (B1), the flexible chain-containing radical-polymerizable compound (B1) contains a compound having (I) a structure derived from a compound having at least three hydroxyl groups in the molecule, (II) at least three ethylenically unsaturated double bond groups, and (III) at least one aliphatic chain, the aliphatic chain has an average molecular weight of 40 to 500, and the content of the pigment (D1) is 5 to 70 mass % of the total solid content.

In one aspect, a flexible organic light-emitting display apparatus including a substrate; a display device formed on a first surface of the substrate; a thin film encapsulation layer covering the display device; and a protection film generally surrounding the substrate, the display device, and the thin film encapsulation layer, and a method of manufacturing the flexible organic light-emitting display apparatus is provided.

In one aspect, a flexible organic light-emitting display apparatus including a substrate; a display device formed on a first surface of the substrate; a thin film encapsulation layer covering the display device; and a protection film generally surrounding the substrate, the display device, and the thin film encapsulation layer, and a method of manufacturing the flexible organic light-emitting display apparatus is provided.

An electroluminescent display device includes first and second pixels arranged along a first direction on a substrate; a first groove positioned at a side of the first and second pixels and including a first portion extending along the first direction and a second portion corresponding to a space between the first and second pixels; and a light emitting diode in each of the first and second pixels.

An electroluminescent display device includes first and second pixels arranged along a first direction on a substrate; a first groove positioned at a side of the first and second pixels and including a first portion extending along the first direction and a second portion corresponding to a space between the first and second pixels; and a light emitting diode in each of the first and second pixels.

The present invention relates to certain fluorenes, to the use of the compounds in an electronic device, and to an electronic device comprising at least one of these compounds. The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the compounds and to a formulation and composition comprising one or more of the compounds.