An electrical ballast includes an inverter circuit and a detection circuit. The inverter circuit is configured to receive a dc voltage and provide an output voltage to a lighting module. The detection circuit is electrically coupled to the inverter circuit and a voltage source, and configured to detect an ac voltage signal in the inverter circuit, and pull down the voltage source from a supply level to an under voltage locking level to shut down the inverter circuit on the condition that the ac voltage signal is greater than a threshold value, and restart the inverter circuit after a delay period.

An electrical ballast includes an inverter circuit and a detection circuit. The inverter circuit is configured to receive a dc voltage and provide an output voltage to a lighting module. The detection circuit is electrically coupled to the inverter circuit and a voltage source, and configured to detect an ac voltage signal in the inverter circuit, and pull down the voltage source from a supply level to an under voltage locking level to shut down the inverter circuit on the condition that the ac voltage signal is greater than a threshold value, and restart the inverter circuit after a delay period.

A photoionization detector sensor equipped with a temperature compensating and output adjustable ultraviolet lamp driver for supplying an alternating current signal to the ultraviolet lamp effective to light the ultraviolet lamp with direct current supplied from both a first variable voltage supply circuit and a second temperature sensitive fixed voltage supply circuit, and method of standardizing output of the photoionization detector sensor by adjusting the voltage supplied to the driver by the first variable voltage supply circuit so that future reported values will more closely approximate actual values.

Disclosed is a dual phase, multi-frequency, electromagnetic generator that creates electromagnetic fields having a first phase on a first side of said electromagnetic generator and electromagnetic fields having a second phase on an opposite side of said electromagnetic generator. In addition, gaseous emission tubes generate light frequency signals on each side of the electromagnetic generator. Tesla coils are disposed at least partially within the cone of a conically shaped transmission coil to achieve a high degree of coupling between the conically shaped transmission coils and the Tesla coils. Sparks gaps are used to create a fast rise time signal, which creates multiple frequencies.

Disclosed is a dual phase, multi-frequency, electromagnetic generator that creates electromagnetic fields having a first phase on a first side of said electromagnetic generator and electromagnetic fields having a second phase on an opposite side of said electromagnetic generator. In addition, gaseous emission tubes generate light frequency signals on each side of the electromagnetic generator. Tesla coils are disposed at least partially within the cone of a conically shaped transmission coil to achieve a high degree of coupling between the conically shaped transmission coils and the Tesla coils. Sparks gaps are used to create a fast rise time signal, which creates multiple frequencies.

This light emission control circuit controls a first switching element for controlling a current that flows to a light-emitting element connected between a first node and one end of an inductor, and a second switching element for controlling a current that flows from the other end of the inductor to a second node. The light emission control circuit has a driving circuit that generates a first control signal for controlling the first switching element, and a switching control circuit that generate a second control signal for controlling the second switching element, and deactivates the second control signal in order to bring the second switching element into an off-state, during a period during which the first switching element is in an off-state.

An LED tube lamp comprises a plurality of LED light sources, an end cap, a power supply disposed in the end cap, a lamp tube, and an LED light strip. The lamp tube extends in a first direction along a length of the lamp tube, and has an end attached to the end cap. LED light strip is electrically connected the LED light sources with the power supply. The LED light strip has in sequence a first wiring layer, a dielectric layer and a second wiring layer. A thickness of the second wiring layer is greater than a thickness of the first wiring layer.

A load control device for controlling the amount of power delivered to an electrical load may include a rectifier circuit configured to receive a phase-control voltage and produce a rectified voltage. A power converter may be configured to receive the rectified voltage at an input and generate a bus voltage. An input capacitor may be coupled across the input of the power converter. The input capacitor may be adapted to charge when the magnitude of the phase control voltage is approximately zero volts. The power converter may be configured to operate in a boost mode, such that the magnitude of the bus voltage is greater than a peak magnitude of the input voltage. The power converter may be configured to operate in a buck mode to charge the input capacitor from the bus voltage when the magnitude of the phase-control voltage is approximately zero volts.

A ballast circuit for a lighting system using an induction fluorescent lamp utilizes an AC-DC rectification circuit, a DC-DC boost power conversion circuit, a DC-AC half bridge inverter circuit, and a resonating circuit to ignite the lamp and maintain substantially constant power output of the lamp, while the DC-AC half bridge inverter circuit is further comprised of a gate isolation transformer connected in a half bridge inverter schematic which uses a ballast integrated circuit (IC) to drive a high side MOSFET and a low side MOSFET and the gate isolation transformer electrically isolates a gate signal to the high side MOSFET.

An LED tube lamp includes a glass tube, a plurality of LED light sources, two end caps respectively sleeving two end portions of the glass tube, a power supply in one of the end caps or separately in both of the end caps, and an LED light strip in the glass tube. The plurality of LED light sources is on the LED light strip. Each of the end caps comprises a plurality of openings formed thereon. The plurality of openings dissipating heat resulted from the power supply are divided into two sets. The two sets of the plurality of openings are symmetric to each other with respect to a virtual central axis of the end cap.