An LED array comprises a first mesa comprising a top surface, at least a first LED including a first p-type layer, a first n-type layer and a first color active region and a tunnel junction on the first LED, a second n-type layer on the tunnel junction, the second n-type layer comprising at least one n-type III-nitride layer with >10% Al mole fraction and at least one n-type III-nitride layer with <10% Al mole fraction. The LED array further comprises an adjacent mesa comprising a top surface, the first LED, a second LED including the second n-type layer, a second p-type layer and a second color active region. A first trench separates the first mesa and the adjacent mesa, cathode metallization in the first trench and in electrical contact with the first and the second color active regions of the adjacent mesa, and anode metallization contacts on the n-type layer of the first mesa and on the anode layer of the adjacent mesa. The devices and methods for their manufacture include a thin film transistor (TFT).

Disclosed is a driving circuit for a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, the LED lamp containing the driving circuit and a method for operating the driving circuit. The driving circuit includes: three alternating voltage input terminals, including two alternating voltage input terminals for receiving an alternating voltage and one common terminal, the two alternating voltage input terminals are controlled so that at least one alternating voltage input terminal receives the alternating voltage from a power supply; a constant current control circuit receiving the alternating voltage through at least one alternating voltage input terminal and outputting a constant direct current to an LED load, the constant current control circuit includes a constant current control chip having a maximum on-time pin; and a three-stage dimming detection control circuit including a variable control resistor for three-stage dimming control, and is controlled by the alternating voltage received by at least one alternating voltage input terminal so that the variable control resistor is connected to the maximum on-time pin with different resistance values, and the constant current control chip outputs three different current levels according to a resistance value of the connected variable control resistor.

An electrical circuit for providing led light bulb drivers with the necessary electrical load for most triac and digital dimmer switches and provide dimming control to mimic incandescent light bulbs is described herein. The electrical circuit includes a non-linear electrical load circuit that is electrically coupled to a rectified alternating current (AC) input power source and providing the necessary load current to initiate and maintain activation of triac and digital dimmer switches. A phase sense and amplifier circuit is also coupled to the rectified AC input power source and it senses the AC input voltage phase, then transmits a control signal to the light emitting diode (LED) driver to adjust the current level of the power being delivered to the LEDs in a manner to mimic the dimming of incandescent light bulbs.

A method for treating pest infestation of crops includes withholding all light from the crops and, during the withholding, applying a burst of ultraviolet light to the crops. A method for reducing pests includes turning off all lighting arranged to apply growth light to the crops, applying a burst of ultraviolet light to the crops and turning on the lighting arranged to apply growth light to the crops. A system for treating pest infestation of crops includes a plurality of ultraviolet light sources and a controller configured to energize the ultraviolet light sources to apply a burst of ultraviolet light to the crops.

A lighting system, including: light emitting elements; a reset switch operable in a first and second state; non-volatile reset memory configured to record the state of the reset switch when power is provided to the system; a wireless communication system; non-volatile communication memory configured to store default settings and configuration settings; a control system operable, in response to initial power provision to the control system, between: a configured mode when an instantaneous reset switch state matches the recorded state, the configured mode including: connecting the wireless communication system to a remote device based on the configuration settings, receiving instructions from the remote device, and controlling light emitting element operation based on the instructions; and a reset mode when the instantaneous reset switch state differs from the recorded state, the reset mode including: erasing the configuration settings from the communication memory and operating the system based on the default settings.

Apparatus and methods for deployment of fixtures. The apparatus may include a system for controlling deployed fixtures. The system may receive user commands different devices in different formats. The fixtures may be independently addressable. The fixtures may be magnetically supported by a fixture support. A brace may join two or more fixture supports without reducing space available to support fixtures. The brace may join a fixture support to a fixture support accessory. An accessory may include a variable-angle junction. The fixture may include articulating joints for controlling the direction of a beam. The fixture may include a lens having an electrically controllable beam spread angle. The fixture may be stowable in the fixture support. The fixture may be slidable along a cord to adjust a height of the fixture. The fixture may include an extendable ring. The system may coordinate motions of the fixtures to follow a target. The fixture may include an elongated board. The elongated board may include a non-polar power socket.

Apparatus and methods for deployment of fixtures. The apparatus may include a system for controlling deployed fixtures. The system may receive user commands different devices in different formats. The fixtures may be independently addressable. The fixtures may be magnetically supported by a fixture support. A brace may join two or more fixture supports without reducing space available to support fixtures. The brace may join a fixture support to a fixture support accessory. An accessory may include a variable-angle junction. The fixture may include articulating joints for controlling the direction of a beam. The fixture may include a lens having an electrically controllable beam spread angle. The fixture may be stowable in the fixture support. The fixture may be slidable along a cord to adjust a height of the fixture. The fixture may include an extendable ring. The system may coordinate motions of the fixtures to follow a target. The fixture may include an elongated board. The elongated board may include a non-polar power socket.

A backlight board, a backlight module, and a display device are provided. The backlight board includes a substrate, a light-emitting unit, and a packaging block. A control circuit, a first power signal line, and a second power signal line are disposed on the substrate. The light-emitting unit includes a plurality of light-emitting devices. A plurality of first control switches are integrated in the packaging block. The plurality of first control switches are integrated, so that a space occupied by the first control switches in general is reduced, thereby improving the space utilization and level of integration of the backlight board.

A backlight board, a backlight module, and a display device are provided. The backlight board includes a substrate, a light-emitting unit, and a packaging block. A control circuit, a first power signal line, and a second power signal line are disposed on the substrate. The light-emitting unit includes a plurality of light-emitting devices. A plurality of first control switches are integrated in the packaging block. The plurality of first control switches are integrated, so that a space occupied by the first control switches in general is reduced, thereby improving the space utilization and level of integration of the backlight board.

A light-emitting diode (LED) lighting device driver with improved luminous performance is provided, which includes a driving circuit and a current ripple reduction circuit. The driving circuit outputs a driving current. The current ripple reduction circuit receives the driving current and reduces the current ripple of the driving current to generate an output current in order to drive a light-emitting module. The current ripple reduction can effectively depress the current ripple of the driving current outputted from the driving circuit in order to generate the output current and then drive the light-emitting module by the output current. Thus, the luminous performance of the light-emitting module can be significantly improved with a view to achieve energy saving and conform to environmental protection requirements.