A heater includes a plate-shaped part, one or more resistance heating element, a columnar part, and a plurality of relay conductors. The plate-shaped part has an insulation property and includes an upper surface on which a wafer is to be superimposed and a lower surface on an opposite side to the upper surface. The one or more resistance heating element is buried in the plate-shaped part. The columnar part has an insulation property and projects downward from the lower surface of the plate-shaped part. The plurality of relay conductors respectively include extension portions vertically extending inside the columnar part and are electrically connected to the one or more resistance heating elements.

The heating film including: a transparent substrate; a coating layer provided on the transparent substrate and having a refractive index of 1.450 to 1.485; and a metal foil pattern provided on the coating layer, in which a ten-point average roughness (Rz) of a surface of the metal foil pattern is more than 0.9 μm.

A multi-zone heater with a plurality of thermocouples such that different heater zones can be monitored for temperature independently. The independent thermocouples may have their leads routed out from the shaft of the heater in a channel that is closed with a joining process that results in hermetic seal adapted to withstand both the interior atmosphere of the shaft and the process chemicals in the process chamber. The thermocouple and its leads may be enclosed with a joining process in which a channel cover is brazed to the heater plate with aluminum.

Discussed are a surface type heating element which generates heat using electricity and a method of manufacturing the surface type heating element. The surface type heating element includes a NiCr alloy and has an oxygen content of 1 to 4 wt %, so that it can be used even at a high operating temperature of 400° C. or more, suppresses the elution of the material itself, has high fracture toughness, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and heat resistance, and furthermore, ensures conductivity by having improved adhesive strength with respect to at least one of a substrate and an insulating layer, and controlled electrical resistivity.

The present disclosure discloses a transmission electron microscope in-situ chip and a preparation method thereof. The transmission electron microscope in-situ chip includes a transmission electron microscope high-resolution in-situ gas phase heating chip, a transmission electron microscope high-resolution in-situ liquid phase heating chip and a transmission electron microscope in-situ electrothermal coupling chip. The transmission electron microscope high-resolution in-situ gas phase heating chip and the transmission electron microscope high-resolution in-situ liquid phase heating chip are respectively suitable for gas samples and liquid samples, and the transmission electron microscope in-situ electrothermal coupling chip realizes the multi-functional embodiment of electrothermal coupling. The three transmission electron microscope in-situ chips have the advantages of high resolution and low sample drift rate.

A heater system for an LED light assembly having a lens includes a flexible composite positioned around an outer surface of the lens. The flexible composite includes a polymer base layer, a plurality of conductive buses provided on the base layer, and a resistive layer electrically connecting the plurality of buses to form a circuit. The resistive layer includes conductor particles dispersed in a polymer matrix. The resistive layer has a crystalline first condition prior to applying electricity to one of the buses and an amorphous second condition in response to applying electricity to one of the buses.

A heating assembly for a cooking appliance, such as a toaster or oven, has a support and/or heating element with a curved shape having a concave side facing a cooking cavity. The support and/or heating element may be flexible, e.g., having a planar shape when unstressed and a curved shape when stressed. The support and/or heating element may define a sheet, e.g., having a length and width. The heating element may have openings in the sheet. The heating element may be coupled to the support so as to be slidable movable relative to the support, e.g., so the heating element can slide relative to the support when the support and heating element are bent into a curved shape.

An emitter structure includes a substrate with a membrane arrangement. The membrane arrangement includes at least one first membrane, a first heating path and a second heating path in different substrate planes. The first heating path and the second heating path are positioned with respect to one another such that a projection of the first heating path and a projection of the second heating path onto a common plane lie at least partly next to one another in the common plane.

An aerosol-generation apparatus, which is suitable for use as part of an aerosol-generating system of a smoking substitute type. The apparatus comprises a heater having a planar heating surface, and is configured to receive an aerosol precursor carrier for thermal interaction the heating surface. The heater comprises a heating element at the heating surface, and the heating surface comprises a fluid transport region adjacent the heating element. The fluid transport region is configured to move liquid across the heating surface towards the heating element.

A window glass for a vehicle includes a glass plate for window of the vehicle, a defogger on the glass plate, and an antenna on the glass plate. The defogger includes a pair of bus bars extending in a height direction of the glass plate, a first defogging area formed by a plurality of first heating wires connected between the pair of bus bars and extending in a widthwise direction of the glass plate, and a second defogging area formed by at least a second heating wire connected to the pair of bus bars or to the first defogging area and extending in a protruding manner to one side in the height direction to surround a wiring-prohibited area. The antenna is provided in at least one of areas that are an area on left of the second defogging area and an area on right of the second defogging area.