A vaporizer cartridge configured to efficiently and effectively heat a non-liquid source material that includes a vaporizable material is described. The cartridge may include a heating element including an electrically resistive material and may be configured to vaporize the vaporizable material by delivery of heat to the vaporizable material. The cartridge may include a cartridge contact in electrical communication with the electrically resistive material. The cartridge contact may be configured to couple to a vaporizer contact positioned proximate to a cartridge coupling feature to allow electrical power to pass from the vaporizer device through the electrically resistive material. The electrical power may cause heating of the electrically resistive material and the vaporizable material to result in generation of an aerosol for inhalation by a user. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also described.

An atomizer includes a liquid delivery element configured to absorb an aerosol generating material of a liquid storage and a wire configured to heat the aerosol generating material and wound on a surface of the liquid delivery element, wherein the wire is wound in a spiral shape such that coils of the wire are spaced apart from each other by a certain distance on the surface of the liquid delivery element, one of end portions of the wire is in contact with a first portion of the surface of the liquid delivery element, and the other one of the end portions of the wire is in contact with a second portion of the surface of the liquid delivery element.

A combined apparatus for heating, cooking, grilling and defrosting of foods of various kinds, depending on the type of foods to be treated from time to time and the duration of the foods treatment foreseen by each user of the same apparatus, where each hot treatment of foods may be effected either by heating or by microwaves only, or by heating and microwaves combined to each other. There are described in detail all the technical characteristics of the apparatus and the relative control circuits either for heating or for generating the microwaves. Advantages include use of a sole and single apparatus for hot treating the foods for providing for the heating, the cooking, the grilling and the defrosting of the same foods, instead of employing as it happens hitherto of single separated apparatuses for performing the same functions.

A cooking device includes a housing and a heating air supply assembly; the housing includes a front housing, a rear housing and a partition plate; the partition plate is matched with the front housing so as to form a cooking cavity, the partition plate is matched with the rear housing so as to form an air supply cavity, and the partition plate is provided with an air supply port and an air return port which are used for communicating the cooking cavity with the air supply cavity; the heating air supply assembly is provided in the air supply cavity further flows back to the air supply cavity by means of air return port.

A product includes a three-dimensional resistive heating element formed by additive manufacturing and a catalytic component on at least an external surface of the resistive heating element. The resistive heating element has a pre-defined geometric arrangement of features, and the resistive heating element includes a conductive ceramic material.

This application discloses a heated roofing underlayment placed between roof sheathing and the roofing surface. Building structures in climates that experience freezing temperatures and snowfall may develop problems associated with freezing moisture on the surface of a roof. This freezing moisture may lead to problems that result in moisture penetration into the structure, structural damage, rot, and other damage. The heated roofing underlayment may cause the ice and snow on a roof to melt.

Heated surfaces for melting snow and ice are described herein. Some implementations include a highly integrated panel having upper and lower main structures secured to one another by an attachment through openings. Multiple panels can be connected together by means of load transfer devices on the upper and lower main structures. Other implementations include a melting panel with individual tiles, adhesives, structural materials, resistance-heating materials, electrically conductive materials, and thermally conductive materials. Power to the panels in the form of electricity may be provided via electrical wires and connectors, and further transmitted between the various parts of the panels. Still other implementations include embedded heating elements with adhesives, structural materials, resistance-heating materials, electrically conductive materials, and thermally conductive materials.

A heating plate includes: a pair of glass plates; a conductive pattern disposed between the pair of glass plates and defining a plurality of opening areas; and a joint layer disposed between the conductive pattern and at least one of the pair of glass plates; wherein the conductive pattern includes a plurality of connection elements that extend between two branch points to define the opening areas; and a rate of the connection elements, which are straight line segments connecting the two branch points, relative to the plurality of connection elements, is less than 20%.

A heating plate includes: a pair of glass plates; a conductive pattern disposed between the pair of glass plates and defining a plurality of opening areas; and a joint layer disposed between the conductive pattern and at least one of the pair of glass plates; wherein the conductive pattern includes a plurality of connection elements that extend between two branch points to define the opening areas; and a rate of the connection elements, which are straight line segments connecting the two branch points, relative to the plurality of connection elements, is less than 20%.

Provided is an image forming apparatus including a temperature sensing circuit to which a temperature sensing element is electrically connected, wherein a surface of a heater on a side where the temperature sensing element is provided is in contact with the inner surface of a film, a heating element is provided in a primary side circuit which is electrically connected to a commercial power supply, and the temperature sensing circuit is electrically insulated from both of the primary side circuit and a secondary side circuit which is electrically insulated from the primary side circuit.