An electric heater includes a substrate, an outer pattern part disposed on one surface of the substrate, an inner pattern part disposed on the one surface of the substrate so as to be located such that the outer pattern part surrounds the inner pattern part, and to be spaced apart from the outer pattern part. A pair of first electrodes is connected to the outer pattern part and a pair of second electrodes is connected to the inner pattern part and spaced apart from the pair of first electrodes, and the pair of second electrodes are located inside the outer pattern part.

A system and method for heating concrete structures to either prevent the build-up of freezing precipitation or eliminate freezing precipitation on a top surface of the concrete structures. The system includes a heating assembly integrally formed with a concrete structure to apply thermal energy to the top surface of the concrete structure. Optionally, the heating assembly includes heating elements formed of carbon fiber tape. Following formation of the concrete structure, the heating assembly is configured for unified movement with the concrete structure. The system optionally includes a control assembly operatively coupled to the heating assembly. The control assembly selectively powers the heating assembly and can be configured for remote operation. In use, the control assembly can be selectively activated from a remote location to power the heating assembly and heat the concrete structure.

The disclosure is and includes at least an apparatus, system and method for a flexible heater sensor suitable for association with a fluid bag. The apparatus, system and method may include a conformable substrate on a ply of the fluid bag opposite a printed flexible heater; and a matched function ink set, printed onto at least one substantially planar face of the substrate. The matched function ink set forms: at least one conductive layer capable of receiving current flow from at least one power source; and at least one dielectric layer capable of at least partially insulating and at least partially limiting conductivity of the at least one conductive layer; wherein the matched ink set is matched to preclude detrimental interactions between the printed inks of each of the at least one conductive and dielectric layers, and to preclude detrimental interactions with the conformable substrate; and wherein the at least one conductive layer and the at least one dielectric layer comprise a sensing circuit that senses at least the temperature of fluid within the fluid bag.

A snow melting apparatus for melting snow on sidewalks, driveways, and other walkways is provided. The snow melting apparatus comprises a plurality of individual heating cables with the heat cables woven together to form a mesh-like covering mat and the covering mat having a top surface and a bottom surface. An outer perimeter border surrounds the covering mat. A snowfall sensor mechanism is mounted to the covering mat with the snowfall sensor mechanism detecting precipitation and automatically activating the heating cables. The top surface of the covering mat is presented for a person to walk and or stand while the bottom surface of the covering mat is capable of being positioned against the sidewalk, driveway, or other walkway. Upon activation of the heating cables, the temperature of the heating cables increases thereby heating the entire covering mat.

A method for the manufacture of an electrical heating unit for use in an exhaust gas system and the use of an electrical heating unit obtainable by this method are described. The method comprises forming the electrical heating unit as a single piece by additive layer manufacturing. An exhaust gas system comprising the electrical heating unit and a downstream catalyst article is also described.

A heating apparatus includes a heating element (48) which converts electrical power to heat energy, a heatable element (44) having a first surface and a second surface, and a dielectric laminate layer (46) between the heating element and the first surface of the heatable element, wherein the dielectric laminate layer (46) is thermally conductive to transfer heat energy from the heating element (48) to the heatable element (44), and wherein the second surface of the heatable element is configured heat a liquid in a container.

A heater element including: a primary conductor formed from a single sheet of metal, wherein the primary conductor is capable of radiating heat within 5 seconds and has a DeLuca Element Ratio of less than 2 ohms/m2; and primary conductor bars that are not welded to the primary conductor.

A heating module is provided by the present application, which includes a heat insulating tube, wherein a ventilation separator dividing the heat insulating tube into an upper tube chamber and a lower tube chamber is disposed therein, and a plurality of air guiding holes are provided in the ventilation separator, and an air intake structure is configured in the lower tube chamber; a receiving tube disposed inside the upper tube chamber, and an air heating assembly, wherein the air heating assembly is disposed inside the lower tube chamber.

A beverage machine having a heater tank with a horizontally oriented heating element. The heating element may be arranged as a helical coil with a longitudinal axis arranged horizontally in the heater tank. A bottom wall of the heater tank may define a concave shape at the interior of the heater tank, and the heating element may be at least partially arranged within the concave shape, e.g., with a longitudinal axis of the coil extending along a central portion of the bottom wall. An inlet to the heater tank may be arranged at the bottom wall, e.g., in the central portion of the bottom wall, and may direct liquid at the heating element.

A transparent heating element is disposed to face a sensor. The transparent heating element has a pair of bus bars spaced apart from each other in a first direction, and a plurality of coupling conductors coupling the pair of bus bars. The coupling conductors are arranged in a second direction not parallel to the first direction. The coupling conductor is folded back at least twice in the first direction.