An electrically heated catalyst device that can uniformly heat a catalyst via comb-shaped electrodes even when current is repeatedly made to flow through the electrodes. The device includes a carrier having a metal catalyst supported thereon, a pair of comb-shaped electrodes each having wire portions, a base layer between each comb-shaped electrode and the carrier, and a fixation layer for fixing each wire portion on the base layer. The fixation layer is rectangular in shape when the outer peripheral surface of the carrier is seen from a direction orthogonal to the central axis of the carrier along the longitudinal direction of the device. A pair of opposite first sides of the fixation layer are parallel with the extending direction of each wire portion on opposite sides thereof, and a pair of second sides coupling opposite ends of the first sides are orthogonal to the extending direction of each wire portion.

In a textile device (100) having a flexible textile main structure (110) which is made up of textile threads (101) and which has a top surface (111) and a bottom surface (112), temperature metering independent of ambient conditions is achieved in that the main structure (110) is equipped with at least one electrically conductive heating thread (120) which is connected to a first voltage source and with at least one electrically conductive sensor thread (130) which is connected to a second voltage source and which serves for sensing a temperature or a dampness of the main structure (110), wherein a control circuit which is electrically connected to at least one sensor thread (130) is provided for controlling the intensity of a current flow through the heating threads (120) in response to a measured temperature or dampness in order, for every measured actual value, to introduce a predetermined setpoint value of heat into the main structure (110).

A PTC heating module for heating a fluid may include at least one PTC thermistor having two flat main surfaces disposed opposite one another. The two main surfaces may be arranged parallel to and spaced apart from one another defining a thermistor thickness of the at least one PTC thermistor therebetween. The two main surfaces may be connected to one another by at least one lateral surface and the at least one PTC thermistor may be delimited toward an outside by the at least one lateral surface and the two main surfaces. The module may also include two contact plates between which the at least one PTC thermistor is arranged. A cross section of the at least one PTC thermistor defined perpendicularly to the two main surfaces may deviate from a rectangle such that a creep distance between the two main surfaces is greater than the thermistor thickness.

An electrically heated catalyst device that can uniformly heat a catalyst via comb-shaped electrodes even when current is repeatedly made to flow through the electrodes. The device includes a carrier having a metal catalyst supported thereon, a pair of comb-shaped electrodes each having wire portions, a base layer between each comb-shaped electrode and the carrier, and a fixation layer for fixing each wire portion on the base layer. The fixation layer is rectangular in shape when the outer peripheral surface of the carrier is seen from a direction orthogonal to the central axis of the carrier along the longitudinal direction of the device. A pair of opposite first sides of the fixation layer are parallel with the extending direction of each wire portion on opposite sides thereof, and a pair of second sides coupling opposite ends of the first sides are orthogonal to the extending direction of each wire portion.

A honeycomb structure including a honeycomb having porous partition walls extending between inflow and outflow end faces to define cells, an outermost peripheral wall, and a pair of electrodes disposed on a side surface of the honeycomb. Each electrode is formed in a strip shape extending in a direction of the cells. In a cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the cells, one electrode is disposed on a side opposed to the other electrode. The honeycomb has an outer peripheral region including the outer peripheral wall, a central region, and an intermediate region. An average electric resistivity A of a material constituted of the outer peripheral region, an average electric resistivity B of a material constituted of the central region and an average electric resistivity of C of a material constituted of the intermediate region satisfy the relationship: AB<C.

The present disclosure provides a thermal system that includes an array of heating resistor circuits having first termination ends and second termination ends, and a plurality of nodes connected to the heating resistor circuits at the first and second termination ends. The thermal system further includes power wires to provide power to the heating resistor circuits and signal wires to sense a temperature of each of the heating resistor circuits. Each node is connected to a power wire and to a signal wire, and a number of heating resistor circuits is greater than or equal to a number of power wires and to a number of the signal wires.

A heater comprising: an outer tube having a first thermal expansion coefficient; an inner tube having a second thermal expansion coefficient that is less than the first thermal expansion coefficient, wherein the inner tube is disposed concentrically with the outer tube such that there is a space between the inner and outer tubes; a conductive powder disposed within the space between the inner and outer tubes; and two electrodes in electrical contact with the conductive powder such that when a potential is introduced between the electrodes, the conductive powder functions as a resistive heater whose resistance changes with temperature based on different degrees of thermal expansion of the inner and outer tubes.

A novel compound having exponential temperature dependent electrical resistivity comprises an electrically insulating bulk material (11), electrically conductive particles (12) of a first kind, and electrically conductive particles (13) of a second kind covered by a lubricant. The bulk material holds the particles of the first and second kinds in place therein; the particles of the second kind are smaller than the particles of the first kind; the particles of the second kind are more in number than the particles of the first kind; and the particles of the second kind have higher surface roughness than the particles of the first kind, wherein the particles of the second kind comprise tips (13a) and the particles of the first kind comprise even surface portions (12a). The particles of the first and second kinds are arranged to form a plurality of current paths (14) through the compound, wherein each of the current paths comprises galvanically connected particles of the first and second kinds and a gap (14a) between a tip (13a) of one of the particles of the second kind and an even surface portion (12a) of one of the particles of the first kind, which gap is narrow enough to allow electrons to tunnel through the gap via the quantum tunneling effect. The bulk material has a thermal expansion capability such that it expands with temperature, thereby increasing the gap widths (w) of the current paths, which in turn increases the electrical resistivity of the compound exponentially.

An interior trim of a motor vehicle. The interior trim includes a substrate with an outer side which faces an interior of the motor vehicle, a heating film with an outer surface which faces the interior of the motor vehicle, and a decorative layer. The heating film is attached to the outer surface of the substrate. The decorative layer is attached to the outer surface of the heating film. The heating film has no conducting paths and generates heat through an ohmic resistance of the heating film.

A cloth-like heater has a first fiber layer that is sheet-shaped, and having a first surface that is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the first fiber layer, a second fiber layer that is sheet-shaped, and having a second surface that is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the second fiber layer and that faces the first surface of the first fiber layer via a space, and a third fiber layer provided between the first fiber layer and the second fiber layer. The first fiber layer has a plurality of first conducting parts that has electroconductivity and is arranged in selected sites, and a plurality of first non-conducting parts that has insulating properties and is arranged in sites other than the first conducting parts.