A metal heater includes a metal substrate with a groove, a resistive heater disposed within the groove, and a fill metal disposed over the resistive heater and substantially filling the groove, wherein the fill metal has a lower melting temperature than the metal substrate. The fill metal can be indium and a cover plate can be bonded to the metal substrate and over the indium. A method of manufacturing the metal heater and a method of operating the metal heater are also provided.

Hot surface igniter assemblies used in cooktops are shown and described. The hot surface igniters include a silicon nitride ceramic body with an embedded, resistive, heat-generating circuit. The igniters are less than 0.04 inches thick, and when energized, they reach surface temperatures in excess of 2000° F. in under 4 seconds to ignite combustible gas such as propane, butane, or natural gas. Examples of cook top burner systems are also provided which allow the igniter to remain on after ignition at a power level that is lower than during ignition but high enough to ignite the cooking gas should a flame out occur. Examples are also provided of burners that ignite on a low flow setting (e.g., simmer) as opposed the high flow settings that are common in cook top industry.

Hot surface igniter assemblies used in cooktops are shown and described. The hot surface igniters include a silicon nitride ceramic body with an embedded, resistive, heat-generating circuit. The igniters are less than 0.04 inches thick, and when energized, they reach surface temperatures in excess of 2000° F. in under 4 seconds to ignite cooking gas such as propane, butane, or natural gas. Examples of cook top burner systems are also provided which allow the igniter to remain on after ignition at a power level that is lower than during ignition but high enough to ignite the cooking gas should a flame out occur. Examples are also provided of burners that ignite on a low flow setting (e.g., simmer) as opposed the high flow settings that are common in cook top industry.

A non-contact heat-not-burn heating device includes a ceramic heating element and a smoking product bearing assembly. The ceramic heating element includes a heating body and a heating circuit, the heating body is cylindrical and internally provided with a porous channel, and the heating circuit is arranged on the heating body to heat air passing through the porous channel. The smoking product bearing assembly includes a preheating tube and a blocking piece, the blocking piece is arranged in a cavity defined by the preheating tube to divide the cavity into a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity is used for placing the smoking product and preheating the smoking product, and the second cavity is used for placing at least one part of the ceramic heating element. At least one part of the ceramic heating element is arranged in the cavity defined by the preheating tube.

A transparent heater comprising a conductive film and a connection part connectable to a power feeding apparatus, the conductive film comprising a transparent substrate and a conductive part comprising a fine metal wire pattern disposed on one side or both sides of the transparent substrate, wherein the fine metal wire pattern is constituted by a fine metal wire, and the fine metal wire has voids, and when the cross-sectional area of the fine metal wire is defined as S.sub.M and the total cross-sectional area of the voids included in the cross-section of the fine metal wire is defined as S.sub.Vtotal on the cross-section of the fine metal wire perpendicular to the direction of drawing of the fine metal wire, S.sub.Vtotal/S.sub.M is 0.10 or more and 0.40 or less.

A heating apparatus, a non-combusted heating device and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. In certain aspects, the heating apparatus includes a casing with an end for receiving a product to be heated, a heating element at least partially disposed within the casing, and an insulation layer formed between an internal surface of the casing and an external surface of the heating element. The insulation layer includes a polycrystalline material having a valve metal oxide.

A heater includes a substrate, a first heating element and a second heating element disposed on a first surface of the substrate, a temperature detection element, and a conductor. The temperature detection element is disposed on a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface of the substrate. The conductor is disposed on the second surface and connected to the temperature detection element. The first heating element has a first distance from the temperature detection element in a lateral direction of the substrate orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the substrate, and the second heating element has a second distance that is greater than the first distance from the temperature detection element in the lateral direction. As viewed in a thickness direction of the substrate orthogonal to the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction of the substrate, the conductor overlaps the first heating element and the second heating element.

An electric heater includes a substrate (an insulating material capable of forming a conductor pattern on a surface of an insulating substrate), a first plane heating element formed on one surface of the substrate, and a second plane heating element formed on one surface of the substrate to be located outside the first plane heating element. The first plane heating element includes a first pattern portion connecting a start point with an end point located in a first zone, a pair of first electrodes located outside the first zone, and a pair of first connectors connecting the first pattern portion with the first electrodes. The second plane heating element includes a second pattern portion located in a second zone surrounding the first zone and connecting a start point with an end point, and at least some of the first connectors are located in the second zone.

A heating device, used for heating an aerosol generating substrate to form an aerosol, comprises a heating body, wherein the heating body comprises a base body configured to have a chamber for receiving at least part of the aerosol generating substrate and further comprises an infrared radiation coating formed on the outer surface of the chamber and used for generating infrared rays after a temperature rise and transmitting energy to the aerosol generating substrate in the chamber at least in an infrared radiation manner, so that at least one component in the aerosol generating substrate is volatilized to form an aerosol, wherein the surface roughness of the outer surface of the chamber is greater than the surface roughness of the inner surface of the chamber. A rough surface is formed at an interface between the outer surface of the base body and the infrared electrothermal coating.

A heat blanket system including a blanket including a first sub-area and a second sub-area. The heat blanket system also includes heating elements printed on the blanket. First spacings between first ones of the heating elements in the first sub-area varies relative to second spacings between second ones of the heating elements in the second sub-area. The first spacings and the second spacings vary according to a design. The design is configured for use on a uniquely defined rework area on a uniquely defined composite material object including a third area including a heat sink region and a fourth area including a non-heat sink region. The first sub-area is sized and dimensioned to be placed over the third area. The second sub-area is sized and dimensioned to be placed over the fourth area.