A pseudo sheet structure is usable for a sensor configured to emit an electromagnetic wave in a band ranging from 20 GHz to 100 GHz. The pseudo sheet structure includes a plurality of conductive linear bodies arranged at an interval L satisfying a formula (1) below, 0.034×λ.sub.S≤L≤20 mm (1). In the formula (1), L is the interval between the plurality of conductive linear bodies, λ.sub.S is a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the sensor, and a unit for each of L and λ.sub.S is mm.

A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system includes a sensor including a capacitor with a first capacitor plate and a second capacitor plate, a storage portion for storing an aerosol-forming substrate, and a vaporizer. The storage portion is between the first capacitor plate and the second capacitor plate. The permittivity of the liquid storage portion changes upon a change of the volume of the liquid aerosol-forming substrate held in the liquid storage portion. The sensor is configured to measure the capacitance of the capacitor. The measured capacitance relates to a corresponding permittivity of the aerosol-forming substrate held in the storage portion so that the amount of the volume of the aerosol-forming substrate held in the storage portion is determinable from the measured capacitance.

A yogurt fermentation system comprising a flexible insulated cover configured to cover and contact the sides of a yogurt culture container containing a yogurt culture; a heating element dispersed within the flexible insulated cover; a temperature regulator configured to regulate the heating element and maintain a temperature sufficient to ferment the yogurt culture, and methods of culturing yogurt using said system.

A washer liquid heating apparatus integrated into a reservoir may include an auxiliary tank which is integrally connected to the reservoir and in which a washer liquid inflowing from the reservoir is stored, and a heater assembly that is integrally attached to the auxiliary tank and heats the washer liquid stored in the auxiliary tank, wherein the heater assembly comprises a plate-type heater that is installed in a hole of the auxiliary tank to heat the washer liquid within the auxiliary tank, and wherein the plate-type heater is exposed to an inside of the auxiliary tank through the hole of the auxiliary tank such that a heating surface where heating is performed heats the washer liquid within the auxiliary tank.

The present invention provides an electronic cigarette and a battery device thereof. The battery device applied to an electronic cigarette, includes a cylindrical body, a first airflow channel, and two conductive members. The first air flowing channel extends axially through the cylindrical body. The conductive members are mounted to opposite ends of the cylindrical body, and keep insulation from an anode and a cathode of the battery device. The two conductive members further is electrically connected to each other. By virtue of the airflow channel defined in the cylindrical body of the battery device, it is easily to maintain the airflow channel being consistent, thereby enhancing the consistency of electronic cigarettes.

An e-vapor device may include a pre-vapor sector and a heater structure arranged in thermal contact with the pre-vapor sector. The pre-vapor sector is configured to hold and dispense a pre-vapor formulation. The heater structure includes a base wire and a shell layer coating the base wire. The base wire is insulated from the shell layer. The shell layer includes at least one recessed portion between a first unrecessed portion and a second unrecessed portion. The at least one recessed portion is a thinner section of the shell layer that is configured to vaporize the pre-vapor formulation to generate a vapor. As a result of the heater design, the heater structure is stiffer and more robust than other related heaters in the art, thus allowing more options for its implementation.

An exhaust gas heating unit for an engine includes a housing and a heating element. The housing includes a tubular peripheral wall and has an interior hollow space. The heating element has first and second ends and extends longitudinally therebetween to form a spiral shape within the interior hollow space. The heating element includes a thermally conductive sheath, an electrically conductive resistance element that extends longitudinally within the external sheath, and an electrically insulating material disposed about the resistance element between the resistance element and the sheath. A heat transfer member is positioned within the interior hollow space and is formed from one or more strips of thermally conductive material. The strips contact the external sheath at a plurality of locations between the first end and the second end. The heat transfer member has a corrugated shape that follows the spiral shape of the heating element.

An e-vapor device may include a pre-vapor sector and a heater structure arranged in thermal contact with the pre-vapor sector. The pre-vapor sector includes a reservoir and a dispensing interface. The pre-vapor sector is configured to hold and dispense a pre-vapor formulation. The heater structure is configured to vaporize the pre-vapor formulation to generate a vapor. The heater structure includes a base wire and a heater wire coiled around the base wire. The base wire is insulated from the heater wire. As a result of the heater design, the heater structure is stiffer and more robust than other related heaters in the art, thus allowing more options for its implementation.

A power tool includes a handle assembly, a power supply, and a temperature control module; where the handle assembly includes a left grip and a right grip, where a first end of the left grip is coupled to a body of the power tool, a second end of the left grip is coupled to a first end of the right grip, and a second end of the right grip is coupled to the body of the power tool; the temperature control module is coupled to the handle assembly and the power supply separately; and the power supply is configured to power the temperature control module so that the temperature control module is configured to heat the handle assembly.

A vaporization device is provided having a plurality of pens each having a battery, a mouthpiece, and a ventilated end. A vaporization device is also provided which is disposable having a plurality of pens, each having a vaporization chamber containing a coil, a battery, a PCB, a sensor, and a tank containing e-liquid for vaporization in the pen vaporization chamber through the coil of the pen to create a vaporization product which is mixed in a vapor port of the device through which a plurality of vaporization products are delivered to a user through the mouthpiece of the device in a single vaporization event.