A universal membrane is configured to be installed between a subfloor and floor tiles to allow movement of the floor tiles relative to the subfloor. The universal membrane includes a base layer, a plurality of studs projecting from the base layer, and a plurality of sidewalls projecting from the base layer and disposed between adjacent ones of the plurality of studs. Each sidewall of the plurality of sidewalls forming a perimeter of a pocket. The base layer forms a bottom wall of the pocket.

A heating cable for use with alternating current (AC) may include multiple conductive metal strands. A strain-relief yarn may also be included. The strands may be coated with an electrically-insulating coating. The strands, including the strain-relief yarn, may be twisted together and coated with an electrically-insulating outer coating to provide the heating cable.

A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system includes a sensor including a capacitor with a first capacitor plate and a second capacitor plate, a storage portion for storing an aerosol-forming substrate, and a vaporizer. The storage portion is between the first capacitor plate and the second capacitor plate. The permittivity of the liquid storage portion changes upon a change of the volume f the liquid aerosol-forming substrate held in the liquid storage portion. The sensor is configured to measure the capacitance of the capacitor. The measured capacitance relates to a corresponding permittivity of the aerosol-forming substrate held in the storage portion so that the amount of the volume of the aerosol-forming substrate held in the storage portion is determinable from the measured capacitance.

An electric heater includes a substrate, an outer pattern part disposed on one surface of the substrate, an inner pattern part disposed on the one surface of the substrate so as to be located such that the outer pattern part surrounds the inner pattern part, and to be spaced apart from the outer pattern part. A pair of first electrodes is connected to the outer pattern part and a pair of second electrodes is connected to the inner pattern part and spaced apart from the pair of first electrodes, and the pair of second electrodes are located inside the outer pattern part.

An electric heating mat may include an outer sleeve having an interior, and an access end with an opening to the interior. The access end may be folded upon itself into a closed condition, and unfolded into an opened condition. When the access end is closed, the interior of the outer sleeve may provide a sealed enclosure. The sealed enclosure may accommodate and protect internal components, such as heating elements, a power source, and associated controls. The heating elements, associated wiring, and an insulation layer may be provided in an inner sleeve, which may be insertable into the outer sleeve as a unit. When the access end is opened, the opening provides access to the internal components. Such access allows the power source to be turned on to supply power to the heating elements.

A heated drain or vent pipe system provides a low-cost and efficient temperature regulator for drain or vent pipes that are exposed to freezing temperatures to prevent the pipes from freezing. The heated pipe system includes an embedded resistance wire connected to a transformer that supplies a low voltage of electricity to the resistance wire. The resistance wire heats up due to electricity passing through the wire and transfers that heat to the pipe. The resistance wire is embedded in the wall of the pipe and maintains the pipe at a temperature above freezing. The heated pipe system may include a safety limit switch to disable the flow of electricity to the resistance wires if the pipe is overheating. The heated pipe system can be installed with air conditioning system drains, roof drains, and two-way vents that are exposed to freezing temperatures.

The invention relates to a flexible multilayer heating device, of the heating mat type, for implementing preforming or consolidation of fibrous preforms of composite parts. The device includes at least one first support layer, at least one first heating lead arranged on the at least one first support layer and defining a heat-treatment surface adapted to the surface of the composite part to be preformed or consolidated. A first network of wires is electrically connected to the at least one first heating lead. At least one second heating lead is arranged on the at least one first support layer and defines at least one thermal-blocking belt at the at least one periphery of the heat-treatment surface. A second network of wires is electrically connected to the at least one second heating lead. The invention also relates to plant equipped with a mould and such a heating mat.

A ceramic core has a hollow interior with a first, inner diameter. A coil with a second diameter is embedded in the ceramic core. At least a portion of the second diameter is smaller than the first, inner diameter of the ceramic core to expose at least a portion of the coil to the hollow interior of the ceramic core. The coil may be inlaid and fixed on the inner wall of the hollow interior, one end of the coil is fixedly connected to the first pin, the first pin embedded inside the ceramic core. The other end of the coil is fixedly connected to the second pin, the second pin embedded inside the ceramic core. The inner diameter of the coil is d, the inner diameter of the hollow interior is D, d is smaller than D, the wire diameter of the coil is xd, and xd cuts D.

An attachment device that suppresses a decrease in the detection accuracy of a sensor. This attachment device is designed to attach a sensor to one surface side of a transmission plate such that the sensor can detect a transmitted wave transmitted from the other surface side.

A car seat heater has an improved energy efficiency, which includes a heating wire which is coupled to a car seat and includes a metal-plated carbon fiber, a seat temperature sensor configured to detect temperature of the heating wire, and a variable temperature controller configured to control temperature of the heating wire according to a diameter of the metal-plated carbon fiber and a thickness of a plated metal thereof.