A novel low profile heater apparatus and method of manufacture is disclosed, which provides a lower assembly including a first sheet, a heating sheet including at least one heating element, a dielectric sheet, an intermediate sheet and one or more electrical leads configured to supply electrical power to the heating element, the electrical leads extending through a lead sleeve of an upper assembly. The upper assembly includes a top sheet with one or more split sleeves securely attached thereto, thereby forming one or more strain relief assemblies configured to prevent damage to the electrical leads. One or more stitches or coupling features securely attach the upper assembly to the lower assembly. One or more retention device are be used to securely retain the low profile heater apparatus to one or more pipes, tubes or conduits of a plumbing apparatus.

A sensor is disclosed. The sensor may comprise: a housing, comprising a transmitting coil; and an optic assembly, comprising a body supporting at least one receiving coil and a conductive film that is in electrical contact with the at least one receiving coil, wherein, when the transmitting coil is energized, the at least one receiving coil is wirelessly energized causing a temperature of the film to increase.

A PTC heater including: a PTC element heating part configured to generate heat; and a pair of heat dissipating plates disposed at two opposite sides of the PTC element heating part, respectively, so as to be in contact with the PTC element heating part and having a plurality of flow holes, in which the heat dissipating plates have heat dissipating fins each connected to one side of each of the flow holes and bent to a space between the heat dissipating plates.

A cabin heater for a vehicle includes a frame with spaced apart longitudinal supports to locate a common electrical return and a power input. Pluralities of heating units extend between the supports and attach to the return and input. Each unit has a ceramic heater and one or more positive temperature coefficient (PTC) elements. The ceramic heater quickly and directly heats air and helps lower the inrush current of each PTC element upon initial powering. The power input also includes conductive rails spaced apart and electrically isolated from one another to individually supply power to either the ceramic heater or the PTC elements, but not both. Conductive extensions pass through the rails and fold into contact to power either the heater or the PTC elements. The electrical return commonly attaches the PTC elements and the heater, including a spring connection.

A PTC heating element and an electric heating device containing such a PTC heating element are disclosed. The PTC heating element comprises two insulating layers with a metallic coating provided on one side and a PTC element arranged therebetween which is provided on oppositely disposed main side surfaces with a respective metallization which is electrically conductively connected to the coating of one of the insulating layers. The metallization provided on one of the main side surfaces is assigned only to one potential for energizing the PTC element. The metallization provided on the other main side surface is assigned to only the other potential for energizing the PTC element. The metallization of the one main side surface of the PTC element and the metallization of the other main side surface of the PTC element are formed in such a way that the current path (P) through the PTC element is extended relative to the thickness (D) of the PTC element.

An electric heating device includes a housing having a partition wall which separates a connection chamber from a heating chamber for dissipating heat and from which at least one receiving pocket, protruding into the heating chamber as a heating rib tapering towards its lower, closed end protrudes. A PTC heating element includes at least one PTC element and conductor tracks for energizing the PTC element with different polarities. The conductor tracks are electrically conductively connected to the PTC element and are electrically connected in the connection chamber. A pressure element is received which holds heat extraction surfaces of the PTC element abutted against oppositely disposed inner surfaces of the receiving pocket. The pressure element includes a sheet metal strip which, by punching and bending, forms spring segments protruding from the plane of the sheet metal strip. The spring elements are provided in a planar manner distributed over a heat extraction surface of the PTC element provided adjoining the respective pressure element.

Disclosed is a heating device comprising a plate-shaped ceramic PTC resistor having a thickness, a front side, a back side and narrow sides, wherein the distance from the front side to the back side equals the thickness, and a first contact element and a second contact element, which are electrically contacting the PTC resistor. The PTC resistor is electrically contacted by the contact elements on opposite narrow sides.

A thermal protection device, comprising: a first PTC device, arranged in a PTC circuit, and having a first input side, coupled to an input path of the PTC circuit, and having a first output side, coupled to an output path of the PTC circuit; a second PTC device, arranged in the PTC circuit, and having a second input side, coupled to the input path of the PTC circuit, and having a second output side, coupled to the output path of the PTC circuit; and a thermal link having a third input side, coupled to the first output side of the first PTC device and the second output side of the second PTC device, via the output path of the PTC circuit.

A pPTC heating device having areas with different power densities distributed over the surface of the device. The device is constructed using a base layer composed of a pPTC material having a layer of sectioned conductive plates disposed over and under the layer of pPTC such as to control the path of the current through the device, thereby controlling resistance of the device and the power density of the device.

A ceramic body mainly based on BaTiO.sub.3-based crystalline particles in which a part of Ba is substituted with at least one rare earth element and at least one alkaline earth metal element. The ceramic body contains from 1.0 to 8.0% by mass of Ba.sub.6Ti.sub.17O.sub.40 crystalline particles. The BaTiO.sub.3-based crystal particles have a substituted amount of one mol of the Ba with the alkaline earth metal element of 0.01 to 0.10 mol.