The invention relates to a heating device (3) for a storage container with a urea reducing agent, comprising at least one electrically operatable heating element (6) and a heat distribution element (7) which is thermally coupled to the heating element (6), wherein the heating element (6) has a first heating sub-element (40) which has at least one positive temperature coefficient thermistor (5), and the first heating sub-element (40) is connected to a second heating sub-element (42, 52, 62) which is designed to reduce the dependence of the heat output of the heating device (3) on an electric voltage applied to the heating element (6) in the event of an electric voltage with large values, in particular above 13 volt, so that the heat output dispensed to the thermal conducting element and the surrounding components with plastic encapsulation is not too high.

A control unit and methods for operating the control unit to perform non-contact radio-frequency (RF) heating of a fluid flowing through or contained within a non-contact radio-frequency heating element.

Various embodiments of the subject technology may provide methods and apparatus for using a cartridge to vaporize a vaporizable liquid. The methods and apparatus for using the cartridge to vaporize the vaporizable liquid may include drawing air into an airflow path of the cartridge. The methods and apparatus for using the cartridge to vaporize the vaporizable liquid may also include vaporizing a first portion of the vaporizable liquid by conductively heating the first portion as the air is drawn into the airflow path. The methods and apparatus for using the cartridge to vaporize the vaporizable liquid may further include vaporizing a second portion of the vaporizable liquid by convectively heating the second portion as the air flows along the airflow path.

The present invention relates to a rod-shaped aerosol-generating article for use with an electrically heated aerosol-generating device. The article comprises a substrate core and a filler sleeve surrounding the substrate core. The substrate core comprises an aerosol-forming substrate and has a non-circular outer cross-section. The invention further relates to electrically heated aerosol-generating device and an aerosol-generating system for use with an aerosol-generating article.

An aerosol-generating device includes a heater configured to heat an aerosol-generating material, a puff detection sensor configured to detect puffs of a user, a battery configured to supply power to the heater, and a controller configured to: based on a new puff being detected by the puff detection sensor, count a number of accumulated puffs including the new puff, determine a puff section corresponding to the number of accumulated puffs from among a plurality of puff sections which are divided according to the number of accumulated puffs, and control the power supplied to the heater based on a power range preset for the determined puff section.

Inspection devices and methods for inspecting an adhesive pattern on a substrate are disclosed. The inspection device includes at least one sensor having a heat sensor head for detecting a pattern of the adhesive bead, and a controller. Reference data representing a desired adhesive pattern is initially provided to a controller. A predetermined tolerance range for the desired adhesive pattern is also provided to the controller. An adhesive bead is discharged onto a substrate from a nozzle. A pattern of the discharged adhesive bead is then detected by the sensor when the substrate moves. Signals representing the detected pattern are received from the sensor at the controller. Finally, the signals representing the detected adhesive pattern are compared to the tolerance range of the desired adhesive pattern.

A method of preventing washer fluid freezing is provided. The method includes performing hose residual washer fluid removal control that removes residual washer fluid of a hose which is a movement path of washer fluid after a spray of the washer fluid by operation of a pump washer fluid device.

An electric heating device comprises a housing with a partition wall which separates a connection chamber from a heating chamber for dissipating heat and from which at least one PTC heating element with a heater casing protrudes in the direction toward the heating chamber. The at least one PTC element and conductor tracks are supported in the heater casing in an insulated manner. The heater casing is sealed against the partition wall by way of a seal arranged in a receptacle of the partition wall circumferentially surrounding the heater casing. A press ring is arranged in the receptacle and surrounds the heater casing circumferentially, securing the seal in the receptacle. A method of forming such an electric heating device also is disclosed.

A printed circuit board includes a conducting path shaped via a subtractive method and a heating line. The heating line is formed by the conducting path and designed to have a predetermined heating power for a heating fluid. The printed circuit board further includes a heat dispersion layer designed for transferring heat to the fluid. A heater includes such a printed circuit board.

An electric heating apparatus includes a PTC heating device comprising at least one PTC element and electric conductor tracks which are connected to the PTC element in an electrically conductive manner, and a housing which receives the PTC heating device and on which inlet and outlet openings for a fluid to be heated are exposed. A helically-shaped tube is provided in the housing and connects the inlet opening to the outlet opening and is coupled to the PTC heating device in a thermally conductive manner.